The main element of a gas boiler is the burner. It is around it that all other elements are displayed. Many aspects of the use of the equipment depend on the design of the node. First of all, it is safety and efficiency. Therefore, many people want to make a gas burner for the boiler with their own hands, which will meet all the requirements of the owners. At first glance, this may seem like a complicated process, but in reality it is not.

Types of burners

Many people believe that a burner is simply a nozzle through which gas is supplied. But it is not so. It also mixes air into the fuel. It is important to consider that the product must have a special design that makes the mixture stable.

The device can be of several types, depending on the method of adding oxygen to the gas:

• atmospheric burner;
• ventilator;
• diffusion-kinetic.

Atmospheric

The operating principle of this component is simple: gas passes through an ejector, where its pressure is reduced. In this case, air gets inside due to different atmospheric conditions.

These devices have many advantages:

• simple design;
• compactness;
• quiet operation;
• reasonable cost;
• the possibility of converting a solid fuel boiler for this equipment - the burner is simply installed in the ash pan chamber.

However, such devices cannot have high power. The fact is that, due to their design, atmospheric heating pads cannot draw in large amounts of oxygen.

Fan

In this type of device, air is supplied in the required quantity through a fan. Due to this supply of oxygen, they have many advantages:

1. There are no restrictions on power - any amount of gas is provided with the required amount of air, which is needed for complete combustion without residues.
2. The chamber in which the reaction takes place may be closed. Oxygen enters inside through a special air duct. This allows you to completely prevent combustion products from entering the house due to reverse draft. There is no need to install a separate air duct. For this, special coaxial chimneys are used, which in fact are a pipe located inside another. The smoke is discharged through the internal element, and oxygen enters the boiler, passing between the internal and external walls.
3. Human participation during use is minimized, since the equipment has a “smart” configuration function.

This type of burner also has a number of disadvantages:

1. Compared to atmospheric ones, they are noticeably louder.
2. They have a high price.
3. They only work in conjunction with electricity - they must have their own uninterruptible power supply. Otherwise, they may fail due to voltage drop.

Diffusion-kinetic

Basically, such equipment is found in large industrial heaters. The operating principle is based on both atmospheric and fan heating.

DIY gas burner

Since designing a fan type requires special equipment, let’s consider creating a gas burner for a solid fuel boiler with your own hands. For this, it is best to choose a valve from an oxygen cylinder, standard VK-74. To do this you need:

1. The outlet pipe is additionally equipped with a fitting, which can be connected to the reactor using a hose.
2. A cap with a small hole for connection to the nozzle is installed on the inlet side of the pipe connected to the cylinder. The latter can be taken from a blowtorch or stove.
3. A steel pipe with a length of 100 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm is welded to the cap.
4. It is imperative to ensure that there is a gap of 15 mm between the cap and the nozzle, through which oxygen will flow. That is why you must first attach three small pieces of wire to the first one (they can then be bent to the desired location), and only then the pipe.
5. The burner itself is ready. After this, you need to make a base on which it will be located for installation in the combustion chamber.

In addition to creating the burner itself, it is also important to follow the process of lighting it:

1. The gas supply valve on the cylinder or line opens.
2. A match is brought to the nozzle.
3. The main valve opens.

Important! The power of the device can be adjusted using a valve. The hottest flame is green-blue.

The whole setup consists of placing the torch in the center. To do this, the wire holders are slightly bent.

Features of use

Gas burners are unpretentious in maintenance. The main feature is annual cleaning. In this case, the procedure should only be carried out by highly qualified specialists, since this requires disassembling the boiler. Most often, burner cleaning is carried out by a service center.

Dirt can be easily removed using compressed air. It is important to set the appropriate pressure. The fact is that some modern parts may not withstand a flow of 10 atm.

To make the cleaning process faster and less frequently required, a special filter is installed on the gas supply. This is done by the master after submitting an application to the appropriate structure.

Well, despite the fact that a gas burner in a heating boiler seems like a very complex engineering unit, you can still make it yourself without any problems. To do this, you need to prepare all the necessary materials and have the skills to work with metal. In addition, you must have several units of special tools.

The heart of any gas boiler is a burner with a heat exchanger installed above it. The burner burns gas fuel, generating heat. In turn, the heat is absorbed by the heat exchanger and sent to the heating system. The current review will be devoted to the burners.

We will tell you what a gas burner is for a solid fuel boiler, and also give information about the types of burners for gas boilers.

What is a gas burner

The gas burner is one of the most important components of any boiler. She is responsible for creating a stable flame. This is where the supplied fuel is burned. The resulting heat rises upward to the heat exchanger, where it is almost completely transferred into the coolant. Combustion products, along with residual heat, are removed into the atmosphere in one way or another.

The design of a gas burner for a boiler is extremely simple - it includes several main components:

The low emission of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide during combustion makes the boiler almost flawless in environmental terms.

• Nozzle - gas is released from here;
• Ignition system – provides gas ignition;
• Automation system – controls the temperature;
• Flame sensor – monitors the presence of fire.

To put it simply, this is exactly what it looks like. You will find out a little later how these or other types of gas burners differ from each other in different boiler models.

A modern gas burner for a heating boiler is a device that has certain requirements. First of all, quiet operation is important. I immediately remember some models of Soviet instantaneous water heaters, where the flame roared with the force of a hurricane. Modern samples burn relatively quietly (attention is also paid to quiet ignition, without pops or explosions). The design of the combustion chambers has an additional influence on the noise level.

Long service life - if you remember the old gas units, they served for quite a long time (in those days everything was made to last). Today, such technologies no longer exist, so burners in boilers often break down. There is only one way out - to buy units from trusted brands that use components of normal quality. As for any Chinese junk from unknown manufacturers, everything is obvious here - it’s not worth taking.

The same applies to cheap Russian-made boilers - they often have short-lived burners installed.

Complete combustion of gas is another important requirement. A burner for a gas boiler must burn fuel completely, with minimal release of carbon monoxide and other related components. However, everything here depends not only on it - the quality of combustion is also influenced by other components. We must not forget about proper gas removal, for which you need to have a clean chimney with good draft at your disposal.

As for the operating principle of the gas burner, it is simple:

In the burner, the burned gas is combined with air. At high temperatures, a chemical reaction occurs to form carbon dioxide and water.

• The boiler detects a discrepancy between the temperature in the heating circuit and the parameters specified by the users;
• The gas valve opens and gas begins to flow into the burner;
• At the same time, the ignition system is activated;
• The gas is ignited and a flame is formed.

At the same time, the flame presence control begins to work - if the fire suddenly goes out, the automation will shut off the supply of blue fuel. As soon as the temperature in the heating system reaches the specified limit, the gas supply will be shut off.

The implementation of flame presence control is implemented in gas burners in different ways. Somewhere there is a simple thermoelement, and advanced boilers with electronic-based automation are equipped with ionization control systems.

Classification of gas burners

For a long time, the market was dominated by the simplest boilers, devoid of complex electronics and advanced automation. They needed full-fledged chimneys and had to be installed in rooms with good ventilation. Today there are units on sale that can be used in almost any conditions. Traditional models are also sold along with them. They all differ in the design of gas burners.

Atmospheric gas burners

The use of atmospheric gas burners greatly simplifies the design of heating equipment. They work due to the natural flow of oxygen, and full-fledged chimneys are used to remove combustion products. Since oxygen is taken from the room, it must have good ventilation. Let's look at the main advantages of atmospheric boilers:

• Simplicity of design - has a direct impact on the cost of equipment;
• Low noise level - there are no additional fans, only the flame hums;
• Higher reliability - a completely understandable pattern comes into play here: equipment with a minimum of parts breaks down much less and less often;
• Energy independence - thanks to this, the equipment can operate in buildings where there is no electrification.

There are also some disadvantages:

• Not the highest efficiency - you have to put up with this drawback. More advanced gas boilers with closed burners are more economical and efficient;
• The need for a full-fledged chimney opening onto the roof - in houses under construction this is an additional expense;
• Installation of a boiler with an atmospheric gas burner must be carried out in a specially designated room where there is ventilation and a window - sometimes it is problematic to follow these requirements.

It is also necessary to note the possibility of incomplete combustion of gas fuel.

"Turbocharged" burners

We have come close to the most modern heating equipment, equipped with closed-type gas burners. Such boilers are often called “turbocharged”. They are equipped with compact chimneys, often extending directly beyond the opposite wall. This is very convenient, especially when the building is under construction - there is no need to worry about arranging the chimney and ventilation ducts.

A heating boiler with a closed combustion chamber is a heating unit in which the gas burner is enclosed in a special chamber. Oxygen comes here from the outside, through a special coaxial chimney. Combustion products are removed through it. All flows are controlled by a powerful fan with automatically controlled speed. If desired, a “turbocharged” boiler can be mounted in a completely sealed room, devoid of ventilation and windows.

A coaxial chimney is a kind of “pipe-in-pipe” design. It serves to take in outside air and remove combustion products. Such a chimney is installed at an arbitrary point on the nearest wall, but no closer than half a meter to the nearest windows (more stringent requirements may be imposed).

Advantages of gas boilers with closed burners:

• Possibility of installation in any room - in kitchens, basements, bathrooms (even in the bedroom);
• Increased safety - the gas burns in an isolated chamber. Even if it goes out and the automation does not respond to this, the gas-air mixture will be removed outside the apartment/house;
• Increased efficiency - gas boilers with closed burners are indeed more efficient, but this does not apply to all models;
• More efficient temperature control - for this purpose, a fan shaft speed control system is used;
• High environmental cleanliness - fuel burns almost completely.

Unfortunately, there are some drawbacks:

Increased safety and increased efficiency will come at the cost of high noise levels and increased maintenance bills.

• Increased complexity - gas burners for heating boilers have a more complex design, which makes repair work difficult;
• Slightly reduced reliability - the more parts, the lower the reliability of the system (the cheapest samples and Chinese models especially often fail);
• High price - in order to buy a “turbocharged” boiler, you will have to shell out a round sum (they cost 10-15% more than their atmospheric counterparts);
• Increased noise level - the fan installed in the system makes a hum (the noise level depends on the specific model);
• Lack of energy independence - when the lights are turned off, the equipment will stop working. The problem is solved by installing an uninterruptible power supply.

Despite this, the use of these boilers for heating houses and apartments is becoming a definite trend.

So-called condensing boilers are equipped with closed-type burners, which are characterized by increased efficiency due to the extraction of heat from combustion products.

Other differences

Let's consider the division of gas burners by type of ignition. The simplest option is with a burning igniter (wick). When the automation is triggered, the wick ignites the gas and the boiler begins to heat the coolant. There are two disadvantages here - increased gas consumption and low safety (the igniter may go out). Primary ignition is carried out with matches or using a piezoelectric element that produces a spark.

Natural gas from the mains provides even combustion without forming excessive soot on the walls of the chimney pipe.

Electronic ignition of the burner requires the presence of a high-voltage converter in the gas boiler. Energy is taken from batteries or the electrical network. The first option is used in non-volatile boilers that do not have electronic automation. The second option is relevant for complex units with electronics on board. Along with such ignition, modules for ionization control of the presence of flame are often installed.

There is also a division according to the type of fuel used. Natural gas supplied from the pipeline is cleaner, it is supplied at optimal pressure (we do not consider cases of pressure surges in both directions). The flame in the boiler is clean, without soot. The equipment is connected to the network without modifications. There are burners that can operate on propane - this requires setting up the system and installing a jet. The flame from propane combustion gives off a yellow color, and there is increased soot deposits on the chimney.

Jets allow you to normalize propane pressure to an acceptable value - they are supplied as a set or purchased separately.

Gas burners for universal boilers

A gas burner for a solid fuel heating boiler is a rather complex unit. It was created to convert heating equipment from one type of fuel to another. That is, you can purchase a solid fuel (universal) unit for working with wood, and when a gas main appears, transfer it to working with natural gas.

It is best to entrust the maintenance of even the simplest gas burner to a specialist - the services of a specialist will be cheaper than buying a new unit.

An automatic gas burner for a solid fuel boiler is built using a fan circuit. Gas is supplied here, mixed with air, after which the finished fuel-air mixture is sent to the nozzle. Here it is ignited, forming a high-temperature flame. On board the burner there is a powerful fan, an automation system, a reducer and a gas filter. The unit requires electricity to operate. The product itself has a modular design (removable).

A typical example is a gas burner for a Cooper boiler. The boiler itself is pellet, but you can connect a replaceable burner to it and switch it to natural or liquefied gas.

Homemade units

Some craftsmen make gas burners for boilers with their own hands (for solid fuel boilers). Please be warned that this is not safe. And no one will allow you to connect such a structure to the gas main. Most often, such “crafts” are made on the basis of some gas units that have spent their time. Remember that a homemade gas burner for heating your home is far from the best option. It is best to purchase the simplest gas non-volatile boiler and convert it to bottled gas.

Video

Gas boilers have a high efficiency. Gas burners for boilers play a significant role in the efficient operation of the heating system. To choose the right burner, you need to consider three main factors:

1. types of such devices;
2. their classification;
3. principle of operation.

Types of burners

All devices can be classified according to two parameters: operating technology and scope of application.

Based on the principle of operation, the following types of devices can be distinguished:

• diffusion, in which the process of mixing gas and oxygen is carried out during combustion;
• injection, where even before the gas enters the combustion chamber, it is enriched with oxygen;
• atmospheric, which, according to the principle of operation, resemble injection ones, but oxygen is supplied to a lesser extent;
• recuperative, where a special device - a recuperator - heats up the gas before mixing it with air;
• regenerative - similar to recuperative, but heating to the required degree is carried out by another unit - a regenerator, which first heats the gas and oxygen, and only then supplies it to the combustion chamber;
• inflatable, where air is forced into the combustion chamber using a fan;
• with pre-full mixing, where oxygen is added near the outlet;
• with incomplete premixing.

Devices are also classified by purpose:

1. Household appliances characterized by low power. Most often we are talking about atmospheric devices, since their operation is associated with the least number of problems.
2. Industrial equipment used in boiler rooms, factories and for heating a large number of residential units. The most common are injection, fan and diffuse devices.

Burner classification

The essence of the operation of gas burners is to ensure stable and continuous combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber of the boiler. Equipment classification is based on the four main functions of the device, such as:

• supply of gas and air in proportions that provide the optimal ratio in the mixture;
• direct mixing of gas and oxygen;
• creating stable combustion;
• ensuring uniform combustion and avoiding explosion when ignited.

Modulated equipment is included in a separate class. A distinctive feature of such devices is the ability to automatically adjust to the current needs of the room and the ability to change the combustion power depending on the temperature conditions inside and outside the building. Due to such capabilities, this type of equipment is characterized by increased efficiency.

Note! When choosing a modulated device, you need to look at the modulation range. The wider this range, the more efficient the auto-tuning of the boiler is, and the more economically fuel is burned.

Principle of operation

The essence of the working principle of the device is simple: prepare a mixture of gas and oxygen for combustion, ensure a stable supply of the mixture and its combustion.

Note! Despite the simple operating principle of such devices, it is strictly not recommended to carry out repair work on them without the appropriate knowledge and practical skills. Even for basic boiler cleaning you need to contact specialists.

The gas burner is also equipped with additional capabilities aimed primarily at automation and maintaining the safe operation of the equipment. These functions are provided through the use of such nodes as:

• Automation. Through its use, gas supply to the burners is stopped in the event of an emergency. For example, such a shutdown may occur if the igniter temperature drops below a set level.
• Ignition. The device runs on electricity or a piezoelectric element. The ignition operation scheme looks like this: natural gas is supplied to the igniter, where it is ignited by a spark (mechanically or automatically), after which the ignition heats up to a certain level, opens the valve and allows the gas to flow into the burner.

Note! Preparation for igniting the burners should be carried out during the period of scheduled maintenance of gas devices. Most often, such work is carried out before the heating season. Without preliminary checking of the burners, their operation is prohibited.

The equipment used in boiler rooms is not much different in operating principle from household appliances. However, such devices tend to withstand high gas pressure. In addition, industrial equipment is equipped with filters to filter out all kinds of resins and small dust particles. Filtration allows you to increase the cost-effectiveness and technological efficiency of equipment operation.

Selecting a gas burner

When choosing a burner, you need to look at its technical parameters, the method of fuel supply and the principle of mixing gas and oxygen, as well as compatibility with certain devices. Below we briefly describe the five most popular burner models among consumers.

Typically used in boilers converted from solid fuel to natural gas or LNG. Equipped with three nozzles and automatic control. KChM is often used in Kontur boilers or similar equipment.

Burner "Hearth"

This is a pneumomechanical device with automatic operation. The safety system automatically stops the combustion process in three cases:

• if the flame goes out;
• if there is no necessary traction;
• if the natural gas supply is interrupted.

“Hearth” is equipped with a gas pressure controller, which allows you to achieve uniform combustion even in the event of system failures. “Ochag” burners are easy to maintain due to the fact that soot does not accumulate in the convective part of the equipment.

“Ochag” burners are easy to maintain due to the fact that soot does not accumulate in the convective part of the equipment

This equipment can operate on almost any type of energy carrier. The advantages of this burner include the ability to install it without plumbing and welding.

This is a block device that uses forced oxygen supply. This device is used in steam equipment for industrial purposes and the corresponding power. The efficiency of such devices reaches 94%. The operating principle of such burners is inflatable or diffuse. Powerful fans can be used to improve the functionality of the equipment.

Such boilers are used for domestic purposes and run on solid fuel. Since there is no need for high power equipment to heat domestic premises, injection or atmospheric devices are most suitable in this case. When selecting a burner for a KVS boiler, you need to look, first of all, at the required power and safety of the device.

Important! Most often, gas burners are purchased for heating boilers that do not use gas as fuel. Therefore, when selecting, you need to look not only at the technological capabilities, but also at the level of safety that the device’s automation can provide.

The article provides only brief introductory information about gas burners. It will be quite difficult for an unprepared consumer to independently understand all the intricacies of this topic. Therefore, before purchasing, you should seek detailed advice from a representative of the company selling such equipment.

A gas burner is a device in which gas is mixed with air, followed by combustion of the gas-air mixture in a heat exchanger - in a boiler.

A turbocharged (or pressurized) gas burner is an independent heating unit in which gas is mixed with air using a fan. It is installed in a heating boiler designed for this purpose - a universal boiler, on which diesel, oil, and combination burners can also be installed.

Gas burners can also be installed on solid fuel boilers, if this is provided for by their design. Most often these are pellet boilers. However, it must be borne in mind that in order to install a gas burner on a solid fuel boiler, it must be certified for this. Otherwise, gas workers simply will not give permission to connect gas to the boiler.

Gas burners are suitable for any universal heating boilers and can reach a power of 15 MW and above, they are easy to use, have low noise and emissions.

Modern gas burners for boilers are simple and highly reliable devices that do not require much effort to maintain and rarely break down. A properly selected and adjusted burner will last for years.

Classification of gas burners for boilers:

• Single-stage - operate with constant power.
• Two-stage - at the 1st stage they produce 60-80% of the power, at the 2nd - 100%.
• Three-stage - more often used in heat generators (at the 1st stage they produce approximately 40% of the power, at the 2nd - 70%, at the 3rd - 100%).
• Modulation - have smooth power adjustment from minimum (approximately 30%) to 100%.

Modulation burners are the most economical in terms of fuel consumption.

How to properly install a gas burner on a boiler:

Flame size of gas burners

The flame sizes of the burners depending on the power are presented in the following graph:

Dimensions are approximate and depend on the following factors:

• Excess air.
• Combustion chamber shape.
• Location of pipes in the boiler (natural/forced circulation).
• Pressure (positive/negative) in the combustion chamber.

Don't forget to compare the size of the firebox and flame!

The graph shows the relationship between the sizes of the burner flame and the boiler furnace. The data is approximate and depends on many factors, such as firebox resistance, type of fuel, etc.

Categorizing products of this type is quite difficult. In gas heating appliances, depending on the specifics of operation, injection, regenerative, diffusion and a number of others burners can be used; There are quite a lot of engineering solutions. As a rule, household boilers are equipped with only one of two modifications of units - atmospheric or blast. The last type of burner is often called forced or fan in everyday life.

You need to understand that manufacturers are constantly improving these components of boiler equipment, and therefore they can partially implement engineering solutions inherent in other types of gas burners. But the principle of their functioning remains the same; Only individual characteristics and capabilities of devices change.

Atmospheric burners

They work on the ejector principle and are the simplest modifications in their design. Air coming naturally from outside (due to the vacuum created in the nozzle) is mixed with “blue fuel”. The method of preparing the gas-air mixture is identical for all burners of this group. Some differences can only be in the design features of the nozzle itself; they determine the efficiency of the node. Mainly, in the number and location of holes through which the prepared mixture is supplied to the combustion chamber.

pros

• Simplicity. This applies to the burner design, installation, power adjustment and maintenance.
• Energy independence. It is assumed that this node is not connected to a power source. This means that interruptions in the industrial/voltage line, its surges, and under/overrated ratings do not have any effect on the stability of the burner.
• Silence. The concept is somewhat relative, since if the settings are incorrect, some hum will still be heard, but only close and not so significant.
• Light weight, compact.
• The cost is lower than other types of burners.

Minuses

• Restricted use; only for gas boilers with an open combustion chamber.
• Efficiency is largely determined by high-quality hood. Therefore, professional installation is an indispensable condition for the correct operation of heating equipment.
• It is difficult to achieve complete combustion of gas. This depends on many factors; external conditions (affecting draft force), boiler settings, fuel quality, line pressure and a number of others.

Blast burners

The fundamental difference from atmospheric varieties is in the fan, which is an integral part of the unit. This allows air to be forced into the burner.

pros

• Versatility in use. Basically, forced-air burners are equipped with boilers that have closed combustion chambers. But sometimes it is advisable to install such a unit, even if it is open. For example, insufficient draft, a small room in which a heating device is installed, and in a number of other cases. This is where you need professional advice.
• Possibility of more flexible control of the boiler operation. And this allows you to set the best mode (the power control range is much wider) and achieve complete combustion of the fuel (by correctly selecting the proportions of the components of the combustible mixture), thereby reducing the emission of toxic substances into the atmosphere.
• Partial savings on gas. This is achieved by using a coaxial chimney. Since the temperature of cold air from the street is slightly increased by combustion products removed from the unit, a more gentle operating mode of the heating device is selected. As a result - a decrease
• It is much easier to convert forced-air burners to a different type of fuel, unlike their atmospheric counterparts. Moreover, not only for liquefied gas, but also for other types of fuel. For example, solarium.

Minuses

• The need to connect electricity. Without it, the fan will not be able to work.
• Difficult to maintain. In this matter, you cannot do without the services of a professional.
• The cost is much higher than atmospheric burners. In addition, associated costs are also expected; It is advisable to connect a boiler with a blowing unit not directly to the industrial/voltage network, but through a UPS.

Quality is largely determined by the manufacturer. Among Russian models, units under the brands “Cooper”, “Ochag”, “KChM”, “UGOP-P” have won a good reputation. Imported burners are more expensive. But if preference is given to foreign products, then you should focus on the brands “Lamborghini”, “Cib Unigas”, “Buderus”, “Weishaupt”. According to experts and users, they are most adapted to our conditions (pressure drops in the main line, gas purity, etc.).