The topic of antioxidants has recently been actively discussed not only in the media, but also in serious scientific literature. It is with antioxidants that many scientists associate the prospects of combating human aging.

However, there are also many who want to profit from this hot topic, so it is necessary to explain to readers all the advantages and disadvantages of antioxidant therapy offered by the pharmaceutical industry and manufacturers of dietary supplements.

Oxidants - what are they?

So, oxidants are products of oxygen metabolism, the structure of which is missing one electron. In a chemical sense, such a molecule becomes very aggressive, as it strives to take away the missing electron from other substances.

Oxidants, trying to restore their electron shell, trigger a number of chemical reactions, which from a biological point of view are not always favorable. The chemical name for oxidants is free radicals. Also, according to Pisarzhevsky’s theory, oxidation is the process of removing electrons from atoms or ions, therefore another name for oxidants is oxidizing agents.

Free radicals primarily attack chemically fragile molecules, which include fats and glycoproteins, which are the main structural components of cell membranes, as well as the holy of holies of our cells - the nucleus and DNA. Therefore, oxidants are powerful mutagens.

In a biological sense, exposure to oxidants causes mutations, as well as aging of cells and tissues. That is, by neutralizing the effects of free radicals on our body, we will make great progress in the fight for longevity, and we may also be able to defeat some types of cancer.

Where do oxidants come from?

• Oxygen - as already indicated, oxidants are formed in the body as a result of the metabolism of oxygen. However, this is not their only source.
• Radiation, ultraviolet radiation - the most powerful supplier of free radicals is radiation, as well as ultraviolet radiation. Sunbathers provide themselves with oxidants for many months to come. Please note that people living in rural areas look somewhat older than their urban peers, the reason is that the former are exposed to the sun more.
• Tobacco smoke - in third place among the sources of oxidizing agents, after oxygen and radiation, is tobacco smoke.
• Oxidants in foods— oxidizing agents can also enter the human body in finished form, namely with food. Fat exposed to high temperatures is extremely dangerous in this sense. That is, hamburger, white meat, french fries or shish kebab are serious suppliers of free radicals.
• Exhaust gases, household chemicals, cosmetics and perfumes, many medicines- also add to the list of oxidants (see harm to household chemicals and).

Antioxidant dietary supplements

The need for additional consumption of artificial antioxidants has a serious theoretical basis. Indeed, fast food, tobacco smoke, beach holidays or solariums, exhaust fumes, an abundance of household chemicals and medications, and a shortage of plant foods do not leave our antioxidant system idle. Based on this, many manufacturers of dietary supplements conclude that it is necessary to add artificial antioxidants to products.

Modern pharmacology offers the following antioxidant dietary supplements

• Antioxidant complex – vitamins A, E, C.
• Synthetic coenzyme Q10 – used in cosmetics.
• Mineral dietary supplements with a supposed antioxidant effect - microhydrin, products from coral club.
• Lipoic and succinic acid.

Do we need these pills?

• As you know, synthetic vitamins are not at all identical to natural ones, and, therefore, do not have all the fullness of their properties and the body recognizes this difference (see for immunity and health), it is better to eat vegetables, fruits, nuts raw, and drink natural freshly squeezed juices.
• Even if we assume that coenzyme Q1 added to the cream works, it is not able to rejuvenate your skin, it can only slightly slow down the aging process in it (see).
• So far, not a single serious, controlled study has been conducted that has proven the clinical effectiveness of antioxidant dietary supplements. Therefore, any claims made by manufacturers about their miraculous effect are nothing more than an advertising gimmick.

How to protect yourself from oxidants?

The recipe for fighting oxidants, and therefore aging, is actually not complicated.

• Stop eating fast food, give up fried foods.
• Stop smoking.
• Don't get carried away with beach holidays and don't go to the solarium.
• Spend more time outside the city, where you will breathe clean air.
• Eat more plant foods.
• For alcoholic drinks, give preference to red wine and quality dark beer.
• Food should contain less animal fats and more plant fats, especially if it is unrefined.

What about antioxidant dietary supplements? Let those who sell them eat them.

Natural Antioxidant Barrier

Mother Nature, having placed a person in an ocean of oxidizing agents, had to provide a mechanism for protecting against them. Antioxidants are such a shield - substances containing one extra electron in their structure, which they easily give up, neutralizing free radicals.

• Antioxidants can be produced inside the body– endogenous, these include various enzymes, in particular coenzyme Q10, as well as glutathione, one of the metabolites of the essential amino acid cysteine.
• Or come with food– exogenous antioxidants.

There are many more exogenous antioxidants:

• Natural vitamins- A, E, C, the combination of these three substances makes up the so-called antioxidant complex ()
• Minerals, the most active are selenium, manganese, and zinc.
• Tannins - tea, coffee, cocoa
• Anthocyanins - in red berries
• Bioflavonoids are a class of chemicals (hydroxy derivatives of flavones) that are found only in plants.

It’s worth focusing on flavonoids separately. The best natural antioxidants are fruits and vegetables that have a purple, burgundy color, as well as citrus fruits, legumes, nuts, etc. It is known that the first flavonoid was isolated from red pepper in 1936, which for some time was called “vitamin P”.

Chokeberry	Red pepper	Grapes, red wine	Black (bitter) chocolate, cocoa
	Citrus zest	Onion	Green tea	Eggplant

Since it is plant foods that are richest in antioxidants, it is worth listing the plants whose consumption best protects us from oxidizing agents.

Artichoke	Legumes, especially red and variegated beans	Blueberry	Pink grapefruits	Cherry
Prunes	Figs	Cinnamon	Olive oil	Cranberry
Black garden currant	Raspberries black and red	Strawberry wild-strawberry	Apples	Nuts, especially pecans

Often in my consultations I have to talk about immunity and its role. Strengthening the immune system and increasing the body's ability to neutralize and suppress dangerous diseases cannot be done without our protectors - antioxidants. Knowledge about oxidants and antioxidants is the basis of a therapeutic and balanced diet.

Carcinogenic factors

One of the reasons for the rapid increase in the number of cancers in the 20th century is that we are increasingly exposed to carcinogenic factors, especially those that directly harm our genes.

Among them:

smoking tobacco;
exhaust gases;
industrial pollution;
food and agricultural chemicals;
heavily fried food;
excessive sun rays;
radiation.

Oxidizing agents

These and many other factors create chemicals called oxidants (also known as “free radicals” and “oxidizing agents”). Oxidants are a bit like the toxic exhaust gases produced by any combustion process involving oxygen.

We even produce oxidants in our own bodies when the carbohydrates we eat combine with the oxygen we breathe and “burn” (to create energy).

Oxidants are unstable and dangerous because they have an uneven electrical charge (while stable chemicals have a uniform charge). They have an unpaired electron and tend to enter into a chemical reaction with everything that comes their way.

In its normal state, the nucleus of an oxygen atom is surrounded by eight electrons, which combine in pairs and form a stable molecule. But sometimes, under the influence of external factors, a molecule loses or adds one electron.

Everything in the world strives to be in a pair and it turns out that this aggressive formation strives to find a mate at any cost. Oxidants are like active bachelors looking for girlfriends.

To achieve integrity, they “borrow” electrons from cells and insert themselves either into the cell membrane or into DNA, since this is where most of the “double bonds” (atoms connected by two bonds) are located. Molecules that pick up pairs are called free radicals because they are free for some new bond.

Fats

Another source of double bonds is fat. The more unsaturated a fat is, the more double bonds it contains.

Polyunsaturated fats (such as sunflower oil) contain many double bonds, and if a person uses the oil for frying - which usually happens at very high temperatures - these double bonds can be damaged.

Therefore, when a person eats often and a lot of fried foods, he increases the consumption of oxidants, which, in turn, can damage cells.

Our defenders

The role of antioxidants is enormous. These are the substances that donate their electron to cancer cells that form in our body every day.

There are literally hundreds of antioxidants, the most famous among them are vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E. But there are also ones that most people have not heard of.

For example, polyphenols or salvestrols, which are found in vegetables and fruits. Convincing evidence has been found for the protective effects of these anticancer nutraceuticals.

Synergy is the main rule

Antioxidants are the real heroes. They eliminate dangerous “sparks” of oxidants,” but in the process they themselves oxidize and lose stability. If they encounter another oxidizing agent, they can recharge. Like a bomb squad, antioxidants work together to neutralize dangerous chemical sparks called oxidants.

This synergistic partnership of antioxidants is important. Various antioxidants act together. They lose activity when they are “discharged” into an oxidant.

For example:
— Vitamin E is restored with the help of vitamin C and coenzyme Q10.
— Vitamin C is restored with the help of glutathione (one of the most important antioxidants), carotenoids and lipoic acid.
— Glutathione is restored with the help of anthocyanidins (in berries) and resveratrol.

Vitamin E neutralizes free radicals, but in the process it itself turns into a radical. It is restored and becomes an antioxidant again with the help of Q10. Vitamin C then transfers the free radical to glutathione, and then the radical is neutralized and becomes harmless. Vitamin C and glutathione are restored by beta-carotene, lipoic acid, anthocyanidins and resveratrol.

The sum of the whole is much greater than the sum of the individual parts. Thus, taking a little vitamin C and E, as well as glutathione and anthocyanidins, is much healthier than taking a large amount of any one of these nutrients.

Our body can completely neutralize many harmful and potentially carcinogenic substances if these nutrients are available in sufficient quantities.
The synergy of nutrients is also very important, since there are a lot of oxidants, and each is most effectively neutralized by a different type of antioxidant.

So, for complete protection against all oxidants that you may encounter, you need to collect a whole.

With wishes of health and happiness
Bormotova Natalya

Antioxidants are substances that help prevent cell destruction due to the process of oxidation. Every day, the human body consumes oxygen, as a result of which chemical elements are oxidized and converted into free radicals. Their negative influence is increasing due to sunlight, bad habits, and poor ecology. To restore cells and prevent the development of many diseases, antioxidants are used in natural or synthetic form.

A huge number of physiological processes occur in the human body every second. One of their main sources is oxygen, which participates in oxidative processes in tissues. The resulting energy is responsible for biological combustion. Oxidants neutralize bad toxins, keep internal organs healthy, and help the body cope with stress. The situation worsens when this element approaches a critical point.

Free radicals penetrate cells, destroying them. The process leads to premature aging, problems with the cardiovascular and digestive systems, and development. Antioxidants will help restore the natural balance by preventing the formation of harmful molecules. Internal reserves may not be enough, so you have to take additional medications or foods high in antioxidants.

Antioxidants are synthetic or natural substances that protect body cells from the negative effects of free radicals; they are also called antioxidants. The normalization of organ function is facilitated by a decrease in active oxygen. Such compounds (antioxidants) are associated with hydroperoxides and useful atoms block the catalysts.

Action of antioxidants:

• increasing overall stress resistance;
• acceleration of cellular recovery after injury;
• reducing the likelihood of developing cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases;
• strengthening protective functions;
• protecting the body from harmful radiation.

Antioxidants are necessary for humans to function properly in all organs and systems of the body and to protect against free radicals.

Functions of antioxidants in the body

The main function of antioxidants is to protect the human body from excess free radicals.

Free radicals are molecules and atoms that form themselves at the expense of “donors”, turning other atoms and molecules into new free radicals. This chain reaction leads to the destruction of cells, resulting in the development of chronic diseases and the acceleration of the aging process. Free radicals are necessary for the body to function properly; only their imbalance is harmful. Antioxidants act as “donors” without further conversion into free radicals. There are two types of free radicals - reactive nitrogen and reactive oxygen.

Causes of free radicals in the body:

• bad habits;
• bad ecology;
• radioactive radiation;
• taking medications;
• excess ultraviolet radiation.

According to statistics conducted by the Research Institute of Food Hygiene, half of people suffer from a lack of vitamin A and 85% of the population does not have enough minerals and ascorbic acid in the body. The reason for this is physical and moral exhaustion, which increases the burning of nutrients. Negative factors for humans are also unbalanced nutrition, stress, and environmental degradation.

The benefits and harms of antioxidants

Antioxidants are donors of their own, stopping the formation of free radicals by donating their electrons. As a result, the oxidative process is reduced or completely suppressed. The first scientist to prove the possibility of extending life with antioxidants was Denham Harman.

Here are the main beneficial properties of antioxidants:

• detoxification of the body;
• preservation of vision;
• reducing the risk of developing cancer;
• body support for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases;
• prevention of heart failure, stroke.

Slowing down aging occurs by protecting cells of all organs and systems from the harmful effects of free radicals.

If used uncontrolled, antioxidants can cause harm to the human body. Excess substances cause the following conditions:

• hypervitaminosis;
• nausea;
• headache;
• skin irritation;
• decreased immunity;
• muscle and joint pain;
• menstrual irregularities;
• vision problems;
• increased intracranial pressure;
• metastases in the presence of a tumor.

Excess, as well as lack of useful components in the body, including antioxidants, leads to serious consequences.

Antioxidants against aging

Cosmetology is developing rapidly, releasing new products every year to prolong youth. At the moment there is no universal antioxidant, but to improve the effect it is worth choosing products with several antioxidants. For example, the combination of vitamins E and C works better than separately. Substances in cosmetics slow down skin aging and help other active ingredients maintain their properties. The positive results of using antioxidants in the fight against aging have been proven, but you should not rely on them alone. Aging skin needs products that contain collagen and antioxidants.

Benefits of Antioxidants for Athletes

Negative factors have a huge impact on the human body. When tissues are destroyed by free radicals, many toxins are formed; only antioxidants fight them. These substances can reduce muscle fatigue, allowing you to recover faster after physical activity. Antioxidants are essential for athletes; they protect the body from stress due to intense training. Additionally, antioxidants maintain health and youth.

Antioxidants for children

A lack of nutrients that have an antioxidant effect reduces the child’s body’s resistance to various infections and viruses. Many diseases arise against the background of impaired functionality of biological membranes, which are destroyed by free radicals due to the lack of antioxidants.

Important! In children, antioxidant defense mechanisms are unstable, therefore, for the full development of a child, vitamins A and E, which are antioxidants, are needed.

The diet should include all the necessary substances, especially in unfavorable environmental conditions, unbalanced nutrition, and frequent colds.

Types of Antioxidants

Antioxidants are conventionally divided into two types - synthetic and natural. Natural antioxidants include:

• low molecular weight compounds (micro-, macroelements, vitamins);
• enzymatic antioxidants (enzymes);
• hormones produced by the human body by endocrine glands.

Synthetic antioxidants are derivatives of phenols. These include gallic acid esters. These are vitamins that are developed and synthesized in the laboratory. Chemical origin helps to make the most active form of the component with the maximum concentration.

The most effective antioxidants that fight free radicals:

• vitamins A, B, C and E;
• resveratrol;
• unsaturated fatty acids Omega 3 and 6;
• superoxide dismutase;
• milk serum;
• Coenzyme Q10.

Other beneficial antioxidants include botanical extracts including ginkgo biloba, pine bark and green tea.

There are primary and secondary types of antioxidants based on their antioxidant protection. The primary type converts free radicals into passive and safe for the human body. Secondary antioxidants consist of vitamins that eliminate harmful components and prevent the formation of new ones.

There are a huge number of different multivitamin complexes containing antioxidants. These include:

Vitamin C. The most powerful and necessary antioxidant for the human body. It is included in almost all vegetables and fruits. The substance helps strengthen protective functions, fights colds, cleanses blood vessels, and reduces the level of bad cholesterol. Ascorbic acid activates collagen production and improves the functioning of the cardiovascular system. This is a real record holder for neutralizing free radicals, so vitamin C must be taken daily.

Selenium. When this substance enters the body, it reacts with heavy metals, then removing them from the body. The selenium complex with vitamins E and C strengthens the nervous system, relieves depression and increases resistance to stress. The substance is necessary for the full functioning of the entire body, especially the heart, brain and digestive tract. Additionally, selenium reduces the negative effects of radioactive radiation.

Vitamin E. Another strong antioxidant that improves overall health, preserves youth and strengthens the nervous system. The best results are observed in the fair sex, because the substance has a positive effect on the reproductive function of women. Research data confirm that regular intake of vitamin E in an individual dosage reduces the likelihood of developing cancer by 3 times.

Carotene. The antioxidant shows good results, restoring the body from the negative effects of free radicals. The component strengthens the immune system, protects DNA from various pathologies, and reduces the harmful effects of the environment. Regular intake of carotene reduces the risk of developing cancer of the skin, bladder, intestines and uterus.

Zinc. The antioxidant is part of the enzyme superoxide dismutase. The substance improves the absorption of vitamin A and stabilizes the level of vitamin E in the body. The mineral improves immunity and normalizes the functions of the glands, including the reproductive glands.

Melatonin. The hormone is produced by the pineal gland, which is located in the brain. This antioxidant is valuable because it can penetrate into any part of the body. The substance helps repair DNA when damaged. The production of melatonin is promoted by vitamins B6 and B12, protein and acetyl-carnitine. Lack of sleep, consumption of alcoholic beverages, and constant exposure to light interfere with the production of the component.

Natural antioxidants are much more effective compared to substances of chemical origin. But getting the required dosage in winter is very difficult, so multivitamin complexes help maintain health and a youthful appearance.

How many antioxidants does the body need?

After eating food, antioxidant protection decreases sharply because reactive oxygen species are formed during food digestion. Therefore, antioxidants must be constantly supplied to the body, and their amount depends on the overall diet and the number of calories consumed. Professor Ronald Prior presented a scheme according to which one’s own daily intake of antioxidants is selected:

• 500 kcal - 2.5 mmol;
• 1000 kcal - 4.5 mmol;
• 1500 kcal - 6.5 mmol;
• 2000 kcal - 9 mmol;
• 2500 kcal - 11 mmol.

You need to be guided by your own calorie intake. Women consume approximately 1800 kcal per day, and men - 2500 kcal. Therefore, the stronger half requires about 11 mmol of antioxidants, while the fairer sex needs 8 mmol.

The body needs higher doses of antioxidants during physical activity, bad habits, and poor ecology. But uncontrolled use of supplements can lead to a stroke and provoke prostate and lung cancer. You cannot take only one type of antioxidant; only a combination of substances will benefit.

Foods that are rich in antioxidants

To prevent cell destruction, it is necessary to consume foods high in antioxidants.

First you should consider fruits and berries:

Here are some healthy vegetables for the human body and its cells with a lot of antioxidants:

kale contains flavonoids such as kaempferol and querzenin, which are essential for cancer;

Spinach is an excellent source of beta-carotene and lutein, which help maintain healthy vision and protect against heart disease;

Broccoli is an indole-3-carbidol that improves liver health and prevents cervical, breast and prostate cancer;

Brussels sprouts contain Vitamin A, C, isothiocyanates, which protect genes from damage;

Beetroot in combination with other antioxidants prevents the development of cancer and maintains eye health.

The list of vegetables that contain large quantities of antioxidants includes:

• bell pepper;
• alfalfa sprouts;
• corn;
• eggplant.

It is also worth considering which nuts and dried fruits contain large amounts of antioxidants:

Raisin. The product additionally contains anthocyanins, which help maintain the health of the skeletal system.

Prunes. Dried plums are a source of antioxidants and fiber and should be consumed to prevent diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and breast cancer.

Dates. The product contains B-carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein, vitamin A, tannins. It has anti-infective, anti-hemorrhagic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Almond. Nuts reduce the risk of developing cataracts and other eye diseases. The composition includes vitamin E, gamma-tocopherol, isorhamnetin, kaemferol, quercetin, these components fight skin cancer.

Cashew nuts. The useful product contains zeaxanthin, lutein, eliminates free radicals and improves bone health. Additionally, this list includes dried apricots, figs, pistachios, walnuts, and peanuts. It is necessary to eat nuts regularly, but in small quantities due to their high calorie content.

How cooking affects the presence of antioxidants in it

Products lose their beneficial components by 30% when stored in the refrigerator and by 50% at room temperature. Vitamins are also destroyed by sunlight. Greens, green onions, and spinach are especially sensitive to light.

Some foods cannot be left in the air for a long time because they begin to deteriorate when exposed to oxygen. Vegetable oil can be included in this category.

Meat, fruits and vegetables must be washed with running water. In case of severe contamination, soaking for a maximum of 10 minutes in a small amount of liquid is allowed. If this rule is not followed, sugar, minerals and vitamins will remain in the water. Most of the nutrients are found under the skin, so it should be cut very thin. Products are cut before placing them in the pan to avoid the occurrence of an oxidation process. For this reason, salads are dressed with oil just before serving.

Frying is the most traumatic method of food processing because high temperature destroys vitamins and leads to fat oxidation. The optimal cooking methods are oven baking and steaming. Cooking takes less time due to the absence of oxygen and high pressure. Food should not be cooked for long. Vegetables should be immersed in boiling water to eliminate enzymes that destroy vitamin C. Ascorbic acid can be saved if you add dressings, salt, and acids to your food.

Try to keep antioxidants in your food to get the most benefits from it.

What antioxidants can't you live without?

A wide variety of antioxidant substances will bring optimal results to the human body. One of these is glutathione, which is a peptide. It enhances the effect of other antioxidants that enter the body with foods or vitamin complexes. Glutathione protects cells from mitochondria.

Other antioxidants that a person needs for a full existence:

Alpha lipoic acid. The substance enhances the action of certain cells in the presence of an inflammatory process in the body. Effectively and quickly removes toxins and heavy metals from the body. The only antioxidant that can penetrate the brain.

Resveratrol. Establishes a blood-brain barrier. The substance protects the nervous system and brain. Additionally, it lowers blood pressure and prevents the spread of cancer cells.

Ubiquinone. The component stimulates energy production by cells, strengthens the immune and cardiovascular systems, and prevents rapid aging.

Carotenoids. This type of antioxidant has many varieties, ten of which every person has.

These are the main antioxidants that help all organs and systems work intensively.

Antioxidants in medicine

Anticosidants are used as an adjunct to primary treatment. The biochemistry of antioxidants allows them to be used in treatment regimens for various diseases. Tocopherols and carotenes protect cells from the negative effects of free radicals. Mexidol improves metabolism in the tissues of the nervous system and improves blood circulation. This helps to cope with diseases associated with age-related changes.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) protects nerve and muscle tissue from harmful compounds. Ubiquinone helps build muscle mass. The functions of antioxidants and the action of reactive oxygen species allow scientists to assume that the mechanism could in the future be used to prolong life. At the moment, there are no methods to radically increase the time allotted to a person.

Antioxidants in cosmetology

Antioxidants are added to cosmetics as a complex. The larger the composition, the faster it will cope with free radicals. All components help each other to be synthesized and restored. The following antioxidants are most often added to cosmetics:

Vitamin C. Increases collagen production, relieves inflammation, protects from the sun, strengthens the natural skin barrier.

Raises the tone and immunity of the dermis, participates in restoration processes.

It is used in anti-aging drugs, improves cellular metabolism, relieves peeling and redness, and is found under the names retinol and retinoic acid.

Selenium. It is part of glutathione peroxidase, improves the absorption of vitamin E, and moisturizes the skin.

Coenzyme Q10. The fat-soluble compound dissolves under the influence of ultraviolet rays, reduces skin damage from the sun and activates collagen production.

Vitamin F. Improves the condition of fading and dry dermis, restores hydrolipid balance.

Vitamin K. Eliminates pigmentation and dilated blood vessels on the surface of the skin.

Additionally, the following components with an antioxidant effect are used in the production of cosmetics:

grape seed extract contains polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, which have anti-aging properties and reduce the damaging effects of the sun;

carotenoids accelerate wound healing, eliminate peeling and dryness of the skin, and protect from ultraviolet radiation;

witch hazel consists of concentrated tannins that have an anti-inflammatory and astringent effect;

bioflavonoids are plant polyphenols that are structurally similar to human estrogen;

green tea reduces the risk of skin damage at the DNA level from reactive oxygen species of radicals and prevents the destruction of collagen;

superoxide dismutase neutralizes free radicals; in cosmetic products the enzyme is used of plant, microbial and animal origin;

Ginkgo biloba strengthens blood vessels, reduces inflammation, enhances collagen synthesis and protects elastin from destruction.

The protein glutathione is sometimes added to cosmetics; these are antioxidants that effectively fight free radicals and maintain cell health after sun exposure.

Antioxidants in industry

Antioxidants are widely used in the food industry. Intracellular processes lead to spoilage of products, changes in the color of polymers, a decrease in their strength, the formation of acids, etc. To increase the stability of food that contains vitamins and fats, natural (vitamin E) and synthetic (dodecyl ether, propyl ether) antioxidants are used.

There are several antioxidants in the form of dietary supplements used in industry:

Pectin. The substances are found in some algae and all land plants. They increase the stability of berries, fruits and vegetables during storage and prevent premature drought of plants. Pectin is a purified polysaccharide that facilitates the filtration process and is a thickener and stabilizer.
Pectin is used in the production of jelly products, candies, ice cream, desserts, dairy products, and fruit fillings. The substance is also important in the production of jam, marshmallows, ketchup, mayonnaise, marmalade and jam. Pectin is used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Registered as additive E440.

Lemon acid. It is a white crystalline substance, slightly soluble in ethereal alcohol and highly soluble in water. Propanetricarboxylic acid takes part in the biochemical reactions of various organisms. Included in Chinese lemongrass, shag stems, pine needles, citrus fruits, berries, and unripe lemons. Sodium citrate and acid are widely used in the beverage industry as a flavoring agent. Registered as additive E330.

Dihydroquercetin. The flavonoid is extracted from wood. The substance is presented in the form of a yellow, fine-crystalline powder. It is used as an antioxidant for fat-containing products, increasing their shelf life several times.

Antioxidants are used in industry to increase the stability of food products that contain vitamins and fats. These are citric acid, vitamin E, etc. Some of the substances are very useful for the human body, having a pronounced restorative property.

Antioxidant preparations

Medicines containing antioxidants are very common and very popular. Among the huge list of such drugs, it is worth highlighting the most popular:

Vitrum Superstress Plus. The product is a dietary supplement produced by the Japanese company Takeda. Contains all the necessary components for the body.

Active Antistress Doppelhertz. The drug helps replenish vitamin deficiencies, improves metabolism, strengthens the nervous system and increases the body's resistance to stress.

Radiance Complivit. Women prefer to take youthful antioxidants, which improve skin condition and fight the signs and consequences of aging.

Antioxidant NSP. The product has the characteristic properties of this type of drug, but it contains more natural ingredients.

Medicines and dietary supplements that contain antioxidants are selected only by the attending physician, who will determine the individual dosage.

Astaxanthin is a strong antioxidant; it is included in most vitamin complexes. The substance is able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, exerting a pronounced effect on the entire body. Action of astaxanthin:

improved vision, reduced severity of age-related changes, increased visual acuity;

protection of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, normalization of metabolism, strengthening of organ tissues, reducing the impact of negative factors;

improving the condition of the skin from ultraviolet rays, preventing dryness and loss of elasticity.

Astaxanthin is included in dietary supplements both in pure form and in combination with other substances.

Why don't antioxidants always work?

Natural antioxidants found in vegetables and fruits always have a positive effect on the human body. But dietary supplements do not always cope with their task. Antioxidants in drugs and foods may act differently due to different chemical structures. For example, tocopherol (vitamin E) is found in 8 different forms in foods and one in supplements. Dietary supplements do not act instantly, so for a long-lasting and lasting result you will have to take the capsules for a long time.

Why are free radicals dangerous?

Free radical molecules require one or more electrons. To make up for this loss, they aggressively break down healthy molecules, causing a chain reaction. This is an oxidative process or, as it is also called, biological “rusting.” Basically, free radicals accumulate in cell membranes, which become leaky and fragile. As a result, the cells of the human body are destroyed and die. Next, tissue damage occurs, premature and accelerated aging, and a decrease in protective functions. Against the backdrop of the negative effects of free radicals, the risk of developing heart disease, eye disease, atherosclerosis, etc. increases.

Antioxidants: how to achieve maximum effect?

It is worth remembering that supplements cannot completely replace natural antioxidants, especially with an unbalanced diet and unhealthy lifestyle. Smoking and drinking alcohol only worsen the situation and activate the formation of free radicals. To improve the condition of body cells and prevent premature aging, it is recommended to follow some rules:

To stay healthy for a longer period, you should breathe more clean air, use chemicals to a minimum, and do not abuse medications.

Antioxidants: Scientific Research

To date, there is no complete confirmation of the effectiveness of antioxidants in the fight against heart disease and malignant tumors. Some data indicate positive changes when taking medications, while others indicate the dangers of the substances.

As a result, it has been proven that large doses of antioxidants can lead to the protection of cancer cells from free radicals. Here are the supporting studies:

experiments on rodents have shown that antioxidants increase the risk of malignant melanoma spreading to different parts of the body;

A 1994 trial confirmed that daily beta-carotene supplementation increased the risk of lung cancer by 18% in male smokers;

In 1996, studies had to be stopped early when it was discovered that there was a high risk of developing lung cancer when taking retinol and beta-carotene. The likelihood was increased to 28%, changes were seen in people who worked with asbestos and in smokers;

in 2011, they conducted research among 35 thousand older men. The results found that high doses of vitamin E increased the risk of prostate tumors by 17%.

Based on the data provided, antioxidants can prevent cell damage and prevent the development of cancer. But in the presence of a tumor process, substances can activate the proliferation of cancer cells. So when thinking about protecting against free radicals, be aware of the risks of consuming antioxidants.

Myths about antioxidants

There are several common myths surrounding substances that fight free radicals. Let's look at some myths about antioxidants.

There are not enough antioxidants in food. The best sources of this component are nuts, fresh vegetables and fruits. They contain the optimal amount of antioxidants for the human body. This only applies to eating a nutritious diet, and not snacking on a banana once a week.

Dietary supplements are the best alternative to natural antioxidants. If there is a lack of vitamins, a person begins to run to the pharmacy and buy unnecessary drugs. Dietary supplements are prescribed to those who urgently need to solve a problem, but the body is unable to cope with it on its own. This remedy is ineffective if you regularly eat junk food and lack physical activity.

It is better to replace natural antioxidants with synthetic ones. It is better to give preference to natural ingredients found in food products. Manufacturers often skimp on nutrients when making drugs. But there is no doubt about the quality of nuts or fresh carrots.

Antioxidants are found only in fruits and vegetables. This is one of the main myths. The main source of substances is indeed fresh vegetables and fruits. Other foods also contain large amounts of antioxidants. This is cocoa, red wine, green tea, etc.

Oxidants are an enemy to the human body. It is not the substance that causes harm, but its excess. In normal quantities, they help the body fight bacteria and viruses.

The label states that it is enriched with antioxidants. Such an inscription does not always indicate that the product has been enriched with substances beneficial to the body. The composition should include ascorbic acid, vitamin E, selenium or beta-carotene.

There is another myth that all antioxidants have the same effect. Any molecule that protects cells from an oxidant is this beneficial substance. Today, over 8 thousand different compounds have been registered. Each of them performs its function under certain conditions.

Antioxidants are substances that help the body's cells stay healthy. Free radicals tend to destroy molecules in the body, causing the development of many diseases. Today you can find antioxidants in food, dietary supplements, and cosmetics. Giving up bad habits, an active lifestyle and daily consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables will help you maintain health and beauty for a long time.

Mention of antioxidants as very useful substances necessary for the human body is not uncommon in our time. However, not everyone knows what antioxidants are, where to find them and what they are needed for.

What are antioxidants for?

The human body is constantly influenced by external factors. Substances that catalyze oxidative reactions in cells, or are directly involved in them, enter the body from polluted air, water, chemical food additives, and excess ultraviolet radiation.

Free radicals are molecules that can enter into chemical reactions that lead to disruption of the duplication of genetic information, leading to the growth of tumors, premature aging of cells, and a decrease in the body’s immune responses. Under the influence of free radicals, the synthesis of hormones and enzymes is disrupted, and pathological reproduction of viruses and pathogenic flora occurs.

To neutralize free radicals, substances are needed that can bind with them to form compounds beneficial to the body. These substances are antioxidants.

Antioxidants - what are they and how do they work?

An antioxidant has a free electron in its molecule, which is so necessary for the oxidizing agent. Upon interaction, neutralization occurs, the cells are safe, and the risk of developing undesirable chemical processes is reduced.

• Antioxidants are needed for skin exposed to sunlight for a long time. The effect of ultraviolet radiation in large quantities has been confirmed by research: in addition to photoaging, the risk of melanoma - skin cancer - increases significantly.
• The risk of developing inflammatory reactions in the body is reduced;
• The likelihood of fetal disorders during pregnancy is significantly reduced.

Where to find antioxidants

Products

Most substances, including antioxidants, enter the body with food. And since we are what we eat, it’s worth reconsidering your diet and diversifying it with healthy and tasty foods:

1. Vegetables – beans, carrots, spinach, artichokes, potatoes, sweet peppers, cabbage;
2. Fruits and berries - apples, black currants, strawberries, cranberries, prunes, rose hips, apricots;
3. Seafood;
4. Milk

Natural plant antioxidants help maintain beauty and youth, are good for the skin and prevent the development of cancer of internal organs. Vegetables and fruits are a source of vitamins A and C, fish and seafood are rich in vitamin E and unsaturated fatty acids.

However, an unbalanced diet, snacks on the run, fast food, and coffee abuse nullify attempts to provide the body with vitamins and minerals. In this case, to maintain health you need special complexes that can be purchased at the pharmacy.

Some of them, for example, Alphabet, are designed in such a way that vitamins and minerals that interfere with each other’s “work” enter the cells at different times of the day and are absorbed by the body as completely as possible.

The pharmaceutical industry also produces special antioxidant complexes:

• Complivit Radiance “Youth Antioxidants” contains lycopene (protects skin cells from UV rays, slows down aging, regulates pigmentation), resveratrol (increases skin tone and elasticity), hydroxytyrosol (slows down skin aging).
• Vitrum Antioxidant contains vitamins A, C, E, zinc, manganese, selenium.

Drugs

Among the drugs one can note lipin, coenzyme and glutargin, which have antioxidant activity and are prescribed for diseases of the liver, blood circulation, and decreased functions of the immune system. Treatment with medications must be prescribed by a doctor.

Antioxidants and cosmetics

It is very important for women to maintain the beauty of their skin and feel attractive and young at any age. The topic of antioxidants could not but affect cosmetology - their use in the production of creams, serums, and other care products has become commonplace.

• Librederm vitamin E antioxidant contains, as stated in the name, tocopherol and lecithin, which protect and restore skin cells;
• Face and body products containing olive oil and jojoba have a pronounced antioxidant effect.

When choosing a care product, it is important to pay attention to the concentration of antioxidant substances in it. Ascorbic acid must be at least 15%, and only whey can “afford” such a content. A high concentration of vitamins A and C in one product can provoke a reverse reaction and worsen the condition of the skin, and tocopherol in an increased dosage affects the production of hormones and is more harmful than beneficial.

When choosing both vitamin preparations and cosmetics, you need to rely not on customer reviews on the Internet, but on the recommendations of a specialist.

Use of antioxidants in medicine

In medicine, drugs and vitamin complexes with antioxidants are used to improve immunity, prevent colds and infectious diseases, normalize liver and kidney function as part of complex therapy, and in the treatment of oncology.

In each specific case, the prescription must be made by a doctor. You shouldn’t expect miracles from medications; it’s important to regulate your daily routine, sleep and nutrition, give up bad habits, and avoid stress. And drugs with antioxidants and cosmetics help the body, but are by no means a panacea.

Oxidants are substances that lack electrons and are capable of oxidation (taking up excess hydrogen ions or combining molecules). They are produced in all cells of the body and are supplied with food and water. Charged negatively “-” (oxidizing agents).

Antioxidants are substances that have an extra electron (hydrogen ion), capable of being electron donors (reducing agents), and are positively charged “+”.

Both substances are vitally necessary for the body, and their synthesis within the body or supply from the outside for further use in metabolic processes is the evolutionary path of nature! Those. Today we cannot talk about oxidants or antioxidants as beneficial or harmful substances.

In the end, all drugs produced by modern industry are either oxidizing agents (oxidants) or antioxidants (antioxidants).

Redox reactions in the body are the basis of life for all biological systems, and targeted control of these processes is the medicine of the future, standing at a completely different, higher physiological, regulatory level.

In this case, drug diseases, complications, and long-term negative consequences will be excluded.

Let's consider how oxidants behave in different environments using the example of hydrogen peroxide H2O2.

In an acidic environment: H 2 O 2 = H 2 O + O - (for oxidation)

In an alkaline environment: H 2 O 2 = O 2 + 2H + (for reduction).

This typical example shows the dual role of oxidants in the body. For example, human blood has a constant pH = 7.3-7.4, i.e. alkaline reaction. Inflammatory or tumor focus - pH =< 6,9, т.е. кислую среду. Понятно, что в крови оксиданты дают энергию, восстанавливают и катализируют обменные процессы (анаболизм-синтез), а в кислой среде больных тканей тормозят обменные процессы, ускоряют разрушение (катаболизм) и способствуют ускорению выздоровления.

Antioxidants also behave differently in different environments: in an alkaline environment they enhance the positive processes of anabolism (synthesis), provide energy, and enhance overall metabolic rates. In an acidic environment they act as alkalis, simply stopping inflammation and restoring proper metabolism.

Oxidants: ozone, hydrogen peroxide, free iodine, chlorine, aconite, acid residues of organic and inorganic salts (hydrochloric, sulfuric, acetic, oxalic, nitric and so on).

Antioxidants: a large group of complex natural substances and ions of alkali and alkaline earth metals, freshly squeezed juices, glutathione, vitamins A, E, C, zinc, selenium, fresh vegetables and fruits, E-400, chlorophyll, superantioxidant.

The KAFA Detox Center clinic uses oxidative and antioxidant therapy with great success in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. We have developed unique methods and combinations of these types of treatment that can eliminate painful processes very quickly and without complications at the physiological level. By combining procedures for cleansing the body, restoring metabolism, immunotherapy, antiparasitic therapy and regeneration with oxidant (cleansing) and antioxidant (restorative) therapy in one course lasting 14-21 days, our team achieves significant results in the treatment of any disease (including serious, chronically, autoimmune, etc.).