The pace of suburban and dacha construction requires the emergence of not only new materials and technologies, but also new solutions related to the heating systems of private houses. This is due to the fact that the infrastructure usually does not keep up with the villages and housing estates growing like mushrooms after rain.

Frequent power outages, and sometimes even its complete absence, as well as the distance from gas mains, force owners to look for new ways to heat their homes. At the same time, increased demands are placed on the autonomy and versatility of heating units. Designed to meet these requirements combined heating boilers, operating on several types of fuel.

Advantages and disadvantages of using multi-fuel boilers

The use of multi-fuel heating units is justified in cases where the supply of traditional types of fuel is intermittent or unavailable. At the same time, combination boilers for heating a private house have several advantages :

• versatility;
• high operational reliability;
• the possibility of complete autonomy;
• additional efficiency by switching between different types of fuel;
• the ability to automatically control heat supply;
• readiness to use different types of fuel without readjustment.

At the same time, shortcomings combination boilers are their high cost, complex design and the dependence of some models on electricity (meaning units equipped with an automatic control system).

Design features of combined heating boilers

Combination boilers for the home are good because they eliminate dependence on the use of one type of fuel and, in its absence, allow you to switch to another. In addition, the vast majority of models provide a second circuit, which is used to organize hot water supply to a country house.

There are also powerful multi-circuit units that allow you to additionally connect other circuits of the heating system or a heated floor system.

A multi-fuel heating boiler can operate on gas, diesel fuel, any type of solid fuel, as well as electricity. To switch to another type of fuel, you only need to change the burner.

In some cases, units have two combustion chambers- one for solid fuel, and the other for gaseous or liquid fuel. In others - powerful heating elements, built into the water jacket of multi-fuel boilers. It all depends on the types of fuel planned for use, and therefore on the level of autonomy of the boiler.

The use of devices operating on several types of fuel is justified, for example, if the gas main is expected to be connected soon, but before that you can use firewood or diesel fuel.

If a gas-diesel combination is used, the unit will not even require readjustment, since a universal burner can be used for both types of fuel.

Or take a situation where the owners come to a country house only for the weekend. These days you can heat your premises using cheaper solid fuel. On the remaining days of the week, it is only important to maintain a positive temperature, which an electric heater or gas burner can easily handle.

Almost all multi-fuel boilers for heating a private home have an automatic system that switches to another fuel if further combustion with the selected fuel is impossible. The choice of combustion parameters and mode switching is set in the boiler settings.

Types of multi-fuel boilers

When choosing a heating unit, the consumer is primarily guided by accessibility And efficiency energy resources used. Depending on the availability of a particular fuel, combined heating of a private house can be built using boilers using certain combinations of combustible materials.

Gas-diesel boilers

Boilers operating on diesel fuel and gas- one of the most affordable options. Their relatively low cost is explained by the design, which for these two types of fuel differs only in the type of burner, which is not difficult to reinstall. Some models are equipped with a universal burner that operates on both fuels. Such devices are compact and have the least weight among their classmates.

The undoubted advantage of boilers of this type is complete automation. Human participation is minimized and consists of setting the unit settings. Excellent devices are produced by the Swedish “CTC”, additionally supplying them with electric water heaters of the main circuit. Among the manufacturers in the CIS countries, we can note the Russian Ziosab and the Ukrainian ATEM.

Boilers running on solid fuel and electricity

In rural areas, as well as villages remote from main gas pipelines, the best option is boilers for heating with wood and electricity. In fact, this is an ordinary solid fuel boiler. A special feature of its design are heating elements built into the water jacket and an automation and control unit.

The ease of use of the boiler comes from the principle of its operation: the unit basically works by burning solid fuel. If combustion stops, the temperature of the coolant drops, which is monitored by the automation, turning on the heating elements when the minimum set parameter is reached. Further operation of the unit using electricity allows you to maintain the temperature inside the system within specified limits. This allows the coolant not to cool down, for example, at night, or when re-filling firewood cannot be carried out on time.

Solid fuel boilers with gas burner

Units operating on solid and gaseous fuels have a more complex design due to completely different approaches to the combustion process. Such boilers have two combustion chambers, one for burning gas, the other for burning wood, coal, pellets, etc.

There are the simplest designs of boilers of this type that have only one chamber - for burning solid fuel. The use of gas in them implies the installation of gas equipment (burners, automation units, etc.), which requires calling a gas specialist, so it is a stretch to call such devices universal. In addition, the specific nature of burning solid fuels implies constant maintenance of the boiler, which reduces the convenience of its use significantly. Also, any combination boiler for heating a private home that uses wood and electricity is more designed to work with solid fuel, so the efficiency of the gas burned in it is lower than in traditional gas units.

Despite some disadvantages and difficulties in using such a boiler, sometimes it is the only possible option, and also very inexpensive. Also, do not forget about the lowest cost of firewood or pellets, as well as the possibility of its operation on some production waste. Products from Dakon (Czech Republic), Jama (Finland), Roca (Spain), and many domestic products have proven themselves to be excellent.

In recent years, new models have appeared on the market that operate on a completely different approach to burning solid fuels. These units are worthy competitors to boilers of all types, both in terms of efficiency and autonomy.

Currently, manufacturers are moving away from producing units that operate on a combination of only certain types of fuel, giving preference to universal models designed to burn all types of combustible materials.

Features of solid fuel boilers

As already noted, a solid fuel boiler has long been considered the least comfortable to use. Requiring constant maintenance, with low efficiency and also polluting the atmosphere, such a unit was used only in the absence of alternatives.

Modern models of solid fuel boilers use the principle pyrolysis combustion, based on dry distillation of fuel, during which generator gas is released, which is burned in a special combustion chamber. In this case, the flame temperature reaches 1000 degrees Celsius, and there are no harmful impurities in the exhaust gases. The pyrolysis process can be adjusted, so such a multi-fuel boiler can operate on wood for up to 3 days, and only then switch to another type of fuel.

Other boilers of this type use the principle of gradual, ball by ball, burning of fuel. They are not as efficient as pyrolysis boilers, but they are also long-burning boilers and can be used in conjunction with automatic solid fuel loading units. The rotor of such machines periodically rotates, adding fuel to the combustion chamber. Long-burning solid fuel units with automatic loading can operate without operator intervention for up to 10 days.

Criteria for selecting multi-fuel boilers

When choosing a device, proceed from the type of fuel available in the area. The possibility of periodic maintenance of the unit is taken into account, as well as the priority type of fuel and the required duration of operation of the boiler on a particular fuel. Next, the thermal power of the unit is calculated and the number of heating system circuits that need to be connected is taken into account.

When choosing a multi-fuel boiler, pay attention to presence of a water heating circuit. With its help you can energize the hot water line.

It is also necessary to consider how well the electricity is supplied to your home. For frequent outages, it is better to choose a stand-alone model that does not provide electronic control.

The correct choice of a combination boiler will allow you to achieve autonomy of the heating system, the ability not to depend on one type of fuel, and will give you confidence in the future.

The key component in a home heating network is the boiler. And the most preferred model is gas, which is facilitated by the availability of this type of fuel coupled with the efficiency of this heating method. The success of boilers largely depends on the type and quality of their burners.

Gas burners (GG) assimilate gas and oxygen from the incoming air. The formed composition is ignited by a spark from a piezoelectric component or an electrical impulse. The result is a stable flare fire.

Gas burners for boilers can operate on the following fuel:

• hard
• liquid

Today there are also combination versions for boilers. They use different fuels without reconfiguring equipment.

GG versions based on the method of introducing oxygen into the combustion department:

1. atmospheric;
2. ventilators;
3. diffuse-kinetic.

According to the type of fire control, GGs are:

1. with one stage;
2. with two stages;
3. with two stages and smooth control;
4. modulated.

Criteria for GG:

1. compliance with safety standards;
2. creating and maintaining a stable fire;
3. rapid and high-quality ignition of the gas composition;
4. ease of installation of the wick component;
5. long service life;
6. noise within sanitary standards.

Atmospheric GG

Typically, such gas burners for boilers are used in floor-standing versions of boilers. The power of these units is small: the heating potential allows heating a building with an area of ​​up to 100 sq.m. Another type of atmospheric burner (also called turbocharged) is suitable for gas boilers, which by default are set to use natural gas. In cases of fuel change, a different version of the GG is installed. This work should be entrusted to a specialist.

In atmospheric versions, air is directed to the gas connection area in a natural way. Methods for igniting such a gas mixture: piezo ignition or electric pulse.

The design of this burner is a hollow tube with many holes or a network of tubes in which gas moves under a certain pressure.

Turbocharged burner for gas boilers, its advantages:

• reliable operation;
• simplicity of design;
• safety;
• absence of noise;
• compact parameters;
• low mass.

Fan GG

In models with a fan (pressurized) burner, integrated fans direct air to the combustion department. With their participation, the efficiency of the boiler is seriously improved, and fuel is spent more economically. Atmospheric analogues are already included in the boiler upon purchase. And fan versions are additional devices. They need to be purchased separately.

A pressurized gas burner is usually used in devices with a closed combustion section, where the gas is instantly mixed with air supplied in portions. In appearance, they resemble a block in which a device for burning a gas mixture is connected to a fan. Modern models are automated, which guarantees the safe use of this gas equipment.

Supercharged GG can be vortex and direct-flow. The former have only circular exit holes. Secondly, both round and rectangular.

In wick fan devices, fuel is burned in an isolated compartment, which is done for safety when working with a gas boiler.

Advantages of ventilator generators:

1. high efficiency.
2. reliable heat exchanger design.

Their disadvantages:

1. loud noises;
2. dependence on the power grid;
3. large waste of electricity;
4. huge prices.

The noise is largely caused not by the fan, but by the gas-air flows leaving the nozzle of this generator under high pressure. In modern models, this defect is eliminated by installing a muffler.

Although these burners have a number of disadvantages, thanks to them gas boilers work much more efficiently. Such burners are also used when the fuel is not gas, but fuel oil, wood, diesel fuel, or coal. When the fuel type is gas, the burner can operate efficiently, even if there are serious pressure surges in the main network.

Diffusion-kinetic GG in the boiler

Diffusion-kinetic work is based on the following principle: the air required for combustion of fuel is not completely in the department. And a little later it is added to the fire.

These boiler burners are very rarely introduced into domestic versions. They are usually involved in industrial machinery.

A subtype of these burners is concentrated at the bottom of the combustion sector. They are referred to as hearths.

Combined versions

When using a modulated burner, the fuel can be gas, fuel oil, or diesel fuel. Under these conditions, no technical changes to the equipment are necessary.

Options for burning different fuels have been introduced into one block. This advantage is relevant for owners who do not yet have mains gas. This option is also useful for saving fuel.

These heating burners have total automation to control the combustion mode, fire intensity and other boiler actions. Thanks to intelligent automation, user participation in controlling gas equipment is minimized.

True, these burners have significant drawbacks that significantly reduce their popularity:

1. very complex device;
2. low efficiency;
3. It is a very complicated operation to reconfigure the device when changing fuel. A professional from the gas service should work here;
4. colossal prices.

As already noted, burners may differ in the method of fire control.

Single stage versions

Single-stage burners operate in one mode. And if automation is activated, the gas burner often turns off and on. In this case, a conditioned temperature of the coolant is formed, which has a detrimental effect on the operational period of the burner and the efficiency of the boiler itself.

Variations with two stages

To arrange the operation of a two-stage burner, there are two modes or varying fire power. If using one stage the boiler operates at its maximum, then when switching to the second stage, productivity is reduced by 50-60%.

Variation of modes in boilers is carried out automatically based on a signal from special sensors. They control the temperature of the coolant. Also, modes can change when the gas pressure in the main network changes.

Switching the boiler to a less tormenting mode has certain advantages:

1. There is a saving of gas or other fuel.
2. All equipment develops an operational period, as the number of starts and stops decreases.

A device with two stages can have a smooth change of modes.

Modulating options

Modular versions are extremely practical and economical. Their work is based on smoothly controlling the burning fire. As a result, the power of the heating unit is concentrated in the range of 10 - 100%.

According to the method of flame control, these devices are divided into the following burners:

1. having mechanical control technology;
2. having pneumatic technology;
3. versions with electronic control.

The strengths of modulated versions lie in the least cyclical on-off operations. This has a positive effect on the productivity of all heating equipment and its operating period.

Also, when work is carried out with boilers equipped with modulating gas generators, a certain fuel saving is achieved - 15%. It is also important to configure the equipment correctly.

Modulation gas generators can be used in working boilers with this and other types of burners. This eliminates the need to replace a rather expensive unit. All you need to do is purchase the burner itself and call a specialist to install it and set up the entire technology.

Ways to designate GG

All gas burners are designated in accordance with current standards and regulations. The following are some examples of symbols that define the machine's performance and options.

The type of device is marked with letters. And the letter “G” indicates that the device is a burner.

If GM is indicated, it means that the device can be used in boilers running on gas and fuel oil.

Ds is evidence of the presence of an elongated gas sector at the burner.

P – designation of the rotational model.

P – the device uses a nozzle, its rotor rotates to the right side.

L - the rotor rotates in the opposite direction (clockwise)

The direction of rotation of the designated rotor determines the installation site of the burner itself in the combustion sector.

Results

Thus, if your country house is heated using an AOGV boiler or a combination boiler with a gas burner, then when purchasing this device you should pay attention to both the power of the purchased equipment and the rest of the functionality. Particular attention is paid to the gas burner, because the right choice will ensure high-quality, complete heating of your home, as well as savings on fuel and the operating period of all heating equipment.

The existing classification of gas burners for heating boilers takes into account the principle of operation, air supply and formation of a fire torch. The design of the burner device determines the boiler power, basic and additional functions, and the permissible type of fuel.

Types and types of burners of gas heating boilers

In a gas boiler, it is better to use the burner specified by the manufacturer in the operating instructions. The heat exchanger, the design of boiler equipment, is developed taking into account the type of installed burner device.

According to their purpose, there are two types of gas burners:

• Burner devices for domestic use - capacity limited to 120 kW. Most often, this category includes atmospheric burners for gas boilers, the operation and maintenance of which are associated with a minimum number of problems.
  The disadvantage of the devices is high fuel consumption and high requirements associated with the installation of boiler equipment.
  In modern models, fan gas burner devices used on gas household boilers with a closed combustion chamber are increasingly used.
• Gas burners for high-power industrial heating boilers. In industrial heating equipment, injection fan (blown) burners are installed. Performance varies from 120 to 250 kW.

In addition to its purpose, the classification takes into account the type of fuel entering the combustion chamber. There are two types of burner devices:

1. For natural gas.
2. For liquefied gas.

The difference between the equipment is the diameter of the gas injectors and the operating gas pressure. Domestic boilers from well-known European manufacturers often install universal burners that can quickly be converted to use natural and liquefied gas.

The main classification is related to the operating principle of burner devices: the production of a gas-air combustible mixture, the supply of gas to the combustion chamber and other features.

Gas forced-fan burners (blown)

The blower burner device has a complex design, including a built-in fan or turbine. The gas-air mixture is prepared in precise proportions, thanks to forced and controlled air injection.

A gas boiler with a forced-air burner is economical and highly efficient.

The blow burner device has the following features:

• Scope of application: fan burners are installed in boiler equipment with a closed combustion chamber: low-temperature condensing-type gas boilers and turbocharged models.
• Performance - just a few decades ago, fan-driven gas burners were installed exclusively for high-power boilers. Since then, household models of heating equipment have appeared, the operation of which is associated with the forced supply of air and exhaust of combustion products.
  Low-power boilers with fan gas burners are designed for connection to radiator heating systems and heated floors.
• Principle of operation - there are three basic modifications of burner devices, differing in the principle of producing the gas-air mixture. Mixing of gas and air occurs directly during the combustion process or before entering the nozzles.
  In some modern models of boilers with a forced-air burner, the gas-air mixture is carried out with uniform partial mixing in a special chamber and on the burner device.
• Removal of combustion products from the fan burner is carried out by force. An additional fan (turbine) is built into the smoke removal system. Design features (the presence of two turbines) affect the noise characteristics of the burner.
  During operation, a uniform hum is produced. The fan makes so much noise that additional soundproofing of the room used as the boiler room will be required.
  In condensing boilers, noise protection is provided. The soundproof housing reduces the intensity of noise pollution.
• Automation - the blower burner is connected to the boiler automation. The microprocessor controller reads information coming from various sensors: gas pressure, incoming air and exhaust gases, temperature at the burner nozzle. The control unit automatically changes the performance of the burner device, focusing on the obtained parameters.
  If necessary, a function for independent selection of the operating mode is provided. So, you can reduce the noise intensity by setting the fan speed to an acceptable minimum.

Blast burner devices have eliminated the main cause of flame separation from the burner, often found in atmospheric boilers, due to a sharp increase in pressure in the pipeline. The combustion intensity changes depending on the operating parameters in automatic mode.

Diffuse burners for gas combustion

The operating principle of a diffuse burner is associated with the separate supply of air directly into the combustion chamber and partial pre-mixing of the gas-air mixture. The operating features make it possible to increase and stabilize the gas pressure in front of the burner, and to achieve a stable flame even when the operating parameters are reduced.

Diffuse burners are not widely used and are mainly installed in high-power industrial boilers. In domestic boilers, diffuse-kinetic burner devices are not found.

Injection gas burners (injection)

Injection burners are mainly installed in domestic heating boilers. The name is related to the operating principle used.

The production of a gas-air mixture occurs in several stages:

• The device of an injection gas burner consists of several hollow rods through which gas is supplied under pressure, with injectors placed on them. The system is connected to the gas main.
• Gas, under pressure, passing through the nozzles, injects air in the combustion chamber, producing a gas-air mixture. The gas is burned in the form of small flames. For this reason, injection burners are also called flare or micro-flare burners.

Flare burners maintain the required coolant temperature using the principle of switching on and off. In the combustion chamber, the igniter or pilot burner operates in constant mode, from which the main burner device is ignited. Injector burners are installed in heating units of low and medium power.

The temperature of the flame core remains stable, regardless of external factors and heating of the coolant, which often leads to excessive fuel consumption. Compared to blow burner devices, injection models burn 15-20% more gas.

Classification of gas burners by type of adjustment

In addition to the principle of operation, gas burner devices for heating boilers are classified according to the type of adjustment and design features. Operating parameters affect thermal efficiency, economy and reliability.

At the moment, four basic modifications of burner devices are manufactured:

• Single stage.
• Two-stage.
• Two-stage with smooth modulation.
• Modulated.

The type of adjustment determines whether a closed or open burner will be used. Accordingly, the type of device will influence the requirements for installation and operation of the heating boiler.

Single stage burners

In most cases, these are atmospheric gas burners for domestic heating boilers. The principle of operation is to alternately turn on and off the burner device. The frequency of turning on the burner depends on the cooling rate of the coolant and the operating mode set using a mechanical thermostat.

Main features of single-stage burners:

• Operate regardless of power supply– regulation of the operating mode is carried out using a thermocouple, when heated, producing a low-potential voltage sufficient to ensure the operability of the device.
• Higher gas consumption– a feature of the operation of boilers with atmospheric gas burners is the need for constant burning of the igniter. The pilot burner flame acts on the thermocouple. When it fades, the gas supply is turned off. The igniter fire ignites the main burner when the coolant cools.
  A certain amount of gas is spent to maintain the operation of the igniter. Overconsumption is also observed due to the lack of precise adjustment of the operating temperature.
• Reliability - gas non-volatile burners have a simple design, in which there is practically nothing to break. For this reason, devices rarely fail and last the entire service life declared by the manufacturer.
• Ignition - the igniter is ignited by a piezoelectric element or manually, using matches, through a special hatch in the boiler body.

Boilers with single-stage atmospheric burners are installed in areas where regular power outages occur.

Two stage burners

Two-stage types of gas burners, suitable for domestic boilers with precise adjustment of the minimum and maximum gas flow. The name suggests that the device operates in two modes set by the manufacturer, usually at 30% and 100% of the rated power.

The operating principle of a two-stage burner is as follows:

• Combustion occurs continuously. The igniter is missing.
• The coolant is heated at 100% power. After reaching the set temperature, the burner does not turn off completely, as in the case of a single-stage analogue, but switches to the heating maintenance mode. The productivity of the burner device is reduced to 30 or 40%.
• The transition from one mode to another is controlled automatically, based on a microprocessor controller.

Even the first models of two-stage burners made it possible to reduce gas consumption by approximately 10%. In modern equipment, costs have decreased compared to atmospheric single-stage devices by another 10-15%.

Smooth two-stage burners

The operating principle of smoothly switching devices is identical to two-stage burners. The only difference is that switching is performed without sudden jerks, which leads to the following advantages:

• Precise and efficient control of the heating temperature of the coolant.
• Efficiency of fuel combustion.
• Versatility - smooth two-stage gas burners, suitable for heating boilers running on liquefied gas. After minor re-equipment, it is possible to connect the heat generator to a gas tank or cylinder installation.
• Dependence on electricity - a gas-based, volatile burner with two operating power modes, works only if there is a stable voltage in the network.

The number of stages indicates the number of operating modes of the burner device. Single-stage models operate only at full power, two-stage models alternate at 30% and 100% performance.

Modulating burners

The most economical burners are modulating. Operating range, from 10 to 100%. Reducing or increasing the burner power is carried out in fully automatic mode. The work is controlled by microprocessor automation, which reads the readings of various sensors and selects the optimal mode based on the information received.

The accumulation of soot on the burner is virtually eliminated. Automation regulates the supply of air and gas to the burner, selecting such a ratio of the gas-air mixture that would ensure the most complete burning of fuel.

The modulating gas burner operates as a stand-alone device with a wide range of capabilities. Combustion is carried out in a constant mode. No igniter required.

Multi-stage modulating gas burners have several features and operating parameters that affect thermal characteristics:

• Automatic control of modulating burners- practically, it is a mini computer that calculates the optimal power based on the information received. The automation is simultaneously connected to the gas pressure sensor on the burner, room temperature sensors, turbine pumping air, etc.
  The burner modulation is carried out in fully automatic mode. For the automation to work, special software is required, provided by the manufacturer when purchasing the boiler.
• Versatility– a gas boiler with a modulating burner, initially set to natural gas parameters. To switch to liquefied gas, you will need to make small changes in the operating settings, which will take no more than 10-15 minutes. The modulation device will automatically adapt to changes in gas pressure on the burner.
• Cost-effective – achieved due to several features related to modulation. Burner adjustment, performed automatically, simultaneously takes into account all operating parameters: pressure and heating of the coolant, fuel quality, line characteristics, and the specified heating mode. During the heating process, almost 100% combustion of gas is ensured and the most complete and efficient use of the generated heat is ensured.

At the moment, modulation burners are available in closed and atmospheric types. Universal devices have appeared that, in addition to natural and bottled gas, can operate on liquid fuel.

How to choose the right gas burner for your boiler

Choosing the right burner yourself, without special skills, is almost impossible. Before choosing, it is worth getting competent advice from a specialist.

When selecting, pay attention to the following aspects and technical characteristics:

• Performance– the power of the heating boiler depends on the power of the burner. For this reason, the burner device is selected identical in power to the heating unit.
• Burner noise characteristics– this factor is taken into account when selecting a blowing device. During operation, fans create high-intensity noise. Taking this feature into account, leading European manufacturers have equipped the burner design with a soundproof casing. When selecting, pay attention to the noise figure, the parameter in dB is indicated in the technical documentation.
• Advantages and disadvantages– each burner device has its own pros and cons. Modulating burners are expensive and require precise initial setup, which requires the involvement of a specialist. Atmospheric engines have an attractive price, but during operation they consume 15-20% more “blue” fuel.
• Type of boiler equipment– wall-mounted boilers are equipped exclusively with built-in burner devices. Models with a closed combustion chamber are equipped with turbocharged burners. On a floor-standing boiler, you can install either a built-in or a mounted burner (of higher power).
• Fuel type – atmospheric burners are designed to burn natural gas. To use fuel from a gas cylinder, you will have to make significant modifications. During the modification, the nozzles of the gas burners are changed (for a propane-butane mixture, injectors with a smaller hole cross-section are needed). The automation is additionally adjusted to low gas pressure.
  As practice shows, it is not always possible to convert single-stage burners. If you plan to connect a gas cylinder installation, it is better to choose a two-stage or modulating burner.
• Adaptation to domestic gas supply conditions– another important factor influencing the choice of heating equipment. In the “West”, in the EU countries, the pressure of the main gas differs significantly from domestic parameters.
  It often happens that after connecting a device, even from famous brands, malfunctions are observed: the flame blows off the burner, the automation constantly produces errors and refuses to put the boiler into operating mode.

After selection based on operating parameters and technical characteristics, a module is selected based on manufacturer and cost.

Boiler burner manufacturers

The best gas burners for boilers are made by German companies. The distinctive features of the products remain maximum automation, reliability and build quality. Separately, we can highlight the efficiency achieved by the accuracy of factory settings.

In addition to German concerns, their products are offered by factories located in Italy, Russia, Korea and other countries:

• German burners– the best option, the only drawback of which is the high cost of the modules. Products are manufactured under the following brands:
  • Buderus Logatop,
  • Giersch Intercal (complete with Buderus boilers).
• Italian burners– a cheaper option compared to German analogues. They are practically not inferior in their thermal characteristics. The modules differ in functionality and automation. The following factories offer products:
  • Ferroli Sun,
  • Lamborghini,
  • F.B.R. G.A.S.
  • Baltur,
  • Ecoflam.
• Gas burners for heating boilers made in Russia– the main advantage of domestic devices is their unpretentiousness to the quality of fuel and the subtleties of operation. Products are manufactured with full adaptation and taking into account the characteristics of the Russian winter. The following brands deserve special attention:
  • Teplodar,
  • Don AGU-T-M.

Of course, this list is not a complete list of gas burner brands. Modules produced in other countries are also popular. According to sales statistics, there is constant demand for the following products:

• ACV BG (Belgium),
• De Dietrich G (France),
• Elco (Finland),
• Bentone (Sweden),
• Kiturami (Korea).

Gas burner cost

Modern designs of automatic gas burners for household water heating boilers are more expensive due to the use of microprocessor control. The price is affected by territorial characteristics, device performance and exchange rate increases.

Several other factors influence the cost:

• Steel grade for the manufacture of gas burners– European manufacturers use heat-resistant stainless steel. The material is durable, but increases the cost of production. In domestic modules, structural steel is often found, which has a shorter service life, but also costs approximately half as much.
• Production of gas burners for boilers– made in Germany, have a price starting from 50 thousand rubles. Italian analogues will cost from 15 thousand rubles. Russian products cost 8-10 thousand rubles.

Another factor influencing the cost of replacement is the price that will have to be paid for installation and further adjustment of the burner device. A specialist from the company that sells the burners will make precise settings and adjust the flame to ensure a minimum percentage of gas underburning.

You can make the settings yourself, in the case of atmospheric single-stage burners. The gas supply is adjusted until the flame color turns blue. It will not be possible to independently adjust modulating burner devices without proper specialized training.

Do I need permission to replace the burner?

The effectiveness of replacing a burner in a gas boiler depends on many components and is not always successful. The reasons for this are simple non-compliance with the conditions for changing the burner device specified by the boiler equipment manufacturer.

To replace the burner you will need the following documents:

1. Permission from the manufacturer - the technical documentation specifies all types of burner devices that are compatible with the boiler design.
2. Installation project.
3. Project for gas piping of the boiler.

If a module is replaced with one identical in power and design due to the failure of the old burner device, then the replacement work is regarded as service. Registration of permits and obtaining approvals is not required. Installing a new burner with an increase in power or configuration requires mandatory re-registration of the heating equipment.

Heating appliances are an indispensable attribute of comfortable living in all countries with cold climates. In all of them, without exception. What can we say about Russia, where winters are so severe that a heating system is mandatory in every home. And the most important element of such systems are gas heating boilers.

The boilers themselves consist of many elements, but in order for them all to be in working order, gas burners are needed. Only they will be able to heat the working fluid to such a temperature that the house will actually be warm. So, today we will talk about what gas burners for boilers are, why they are needed and what types they are.

Gas burner - the heart of heating equipment

Heating a house with gas is quite profitable, since it (gas) has significant advantages over coal or wood. But in order for the heating system to be effective, it is necessary to correctly organize the procedure for combustion of fuel in the boiler. And modern burner models provide boilers with an almost perfectly accurate mixture of air and fuel, in which the gas is burned entirely.

Quite often, especially when old areas are being gasified, many people wonder which burner is best for their boiler, how to choose it correctly for an appliance that is intended exclusively for solid fuel. But most of the modern models are of very high quality, thanks to which you can not only maintain the optimal temperature, but also regulate the flame power.

Note! Roughly speaking, a gas burner is a device in which oxygen is mixed with gas, after which the resulting mixture is burned and a stable torch is formed. It is characterized by a simple design, works flawlessly, and the startup procedure takes just a few seconds.

What is typical is that recently burners have been used not only in individual heating devices, but also in production. And this is explained not so much by the excellent properties of gas, but by its cheapness.

Video - How a gas burner works

Basic requirements for gas burners

Gas burners for boilers should, first of all, be durable and easy to install; during operation, they should not make more noise than required by sanitary and hygienic standards, and if it is possible to operate on several types of fuel, then they should also be able to quickly switch from one to another . Moreover, modern trends require that when the burner operates, only low-toxic smoky gases are released, although, in principle, this applies to all types of fuel. What is low toxicity? It's simple - it's low in carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide.

All the requirements mentioned above depend mainly on the way in which the oxygen is mixed with the gas. And so we gradually approach the classification of burners according to the mixing method. Let's look at this in more detail.

Read also, main gas boilers

Main types of gas burners

All burners are divided into two types according to the method of mixing air with fuel:

1. atmospheric;
2. ventilators

Let's take a closer look at each type.

Atmospheric burners

The operating principle of atmospheric burners is extremely simple: gaseous fuel enters through an ejector, drawing oxygen from the surrounding space, then is fed into the combustion chamber through a special hole, where, in fact, ignition occurs. In fact, they work almost the same as hearth models for industrial use. When fuel is burned, small torches appear above special holes, the combustion temperature of which is quite low. Despite its simplicity, this design is very reliable, thanks to which it can be used in boilers of all types - from expensive to budget models.

Those gas burners that are made by hand today also operate on the principle of ejector mixing. If remodeling existing equipment is not part of your plans, then atmospheric burners are the most suitable option. To install such a device, you just need to remove the ash pan and install the burner itself in its chamber. In this case, an automatic system is installed on the external part, which will shut off the gas supply in case of attenuation.

And if we compare these burners with the fan burners described below, the advantages of the former are obvious:

1. reliability;
2. compactness;
3. low noise performance;
4. safety;
5. simplicity of design.

Fan burners

Fan-type gas burners operate on a slightly different principle: in this case, oxygen is supplied forcibly, and its volumes are quite accurately controlled. In most cases, they are used in boilers with closed combustion chambers operating with pressurization. In such models, fuel is mixed with oxygen at the outlet.

Fan burners (they are also called forced-air burners) are used in boiler equipment where there is a high level of automation, and human participation in the process is almost completely eliminated.

It is also worth noting that such devices are usually characterized by a block design. In such cases, there is a gas multiblock, which consists of:

1. gas filter;
2. pressure regulator;
3. a relay that is necessary to turn off the device in the event of a decrease in pressure and forced ignition in the event of its resumption;
4. fuel consumption regulator;
5. gearbox

Note! More modern multiblocks also include a relay that controls the operation of the fan. If the electric motor stops, the relay turns off the burner.

Such gas burners for boilers are energy-dependent, so it is recommended that they be additionally equipped with a constant power source. There is no need to adjust the burner in the boiler, since there is a servo drive that controls the position of the air damper (it is necessary to regulate the amount of oxygen used for combustion).

Everything we just said refers to the advantages of fan devices, but there are also disadvantages. So, to install them, the boilers are completely rebuilt. Moreover, in solid fuel devices (such as “Don”) it is better not to install it at all, since all the upgrades regarding flame modulation will still not bring results (read: savings), because the heat exchanger will be poorly insulated and ineffective.

What to look for when choosing a burner?

If there is a need to replace heating boiler components, then it is necessary to take into account not only its functional features, but also the recommendations of the manufacturer. The most important thing is the power of the heat generator, and this is what you should start from when choosing a gas burner.

All boilers are divided by manufacturers according to several parameters, such as:

1. power;
2. range;
3. regulation method.

Note! For each specific model, all three parameters correspond to certain values ​​that must be taken into account during the purchase.

Let's start with the most important thing - power. In any case, it should exceed the power of the combustion chamber of your device, and quite a lot. This will directly affect the adjustment range of this parameter in the future.

According to the method of adjusting the power of gas burners for boilers, they can be as follows:

1. single-stage;
2. two-stage;
3. smooth two-stage;
4. with modulating adjustment.

If we are talking about individual heating boilers, then you can use any of the above options. It is also worth noting that, depending on the characteristics of the gas mixture flow, burners can be divided into:

1. twisted;
2. straight-through.

In the case of a swirling type of torch, the air flow is more powerful. Subsequently, this flow combines with gas and forms a diffusion flame, which ensures a stable temperature in the system.

About manufacturers and costs

On the modern market, the range of gas equipment is truly huge. Equipment from both domestic and foreign manufacturers is presented here. But, of course, European products are still more popular, in particular from:

1. Great Britain;
2. Germany;
3. Italy.

Gas burner Weishaupt Monarch WM-G 20

Gas burners from these countries are compatible with many domestic boilers, in particular Lemax and Kolvi. As for the cost, it depends on a number of factors, including:

1. brand;
2. characteristics of a specific model;
3. her type.

Prices vary widely - from 16 to 90 thousand rubles. It is for this reason that before purchasing, you should read the recommendations not only from manufacturers, but also from experienced specialists, and only then make a decision in favor of one option or another.

Service Features

Regardless of type or origin, any gas burner requires special attention. Cleaning it is quite simple - it does not take much time and effort. But before you start cleaning, the burner itself, of course, will have to be removed. Some experts advise using compressed air for this, then we will note that modern burner models are designed for gas pressure in the working gas pipeline, that is, for 0.15 bar. And increased pressure, which reaches 8-10 bar, can simply lead to equipment malfunction.

As a conclusion

The durability and efficiency of the heating device largely depends on the correct choice. And the gas burner is the most important structural element for the boiler, since it not only provides the required quality of gas combustion or power regulation, but can also significantly damage the combustion chamber if the geometry of the torch is not taken into account.

Good luck and warm winters!

Gas burners for heating boilers are primarily responsible for the efficient operation of the boiler.

The design and properties of the burner must be studied before purchasing the unit: future fuel consumption, the ability to adjust the flame intensity, and the level of automation of the boiler operation (types of automation for gas heating boilers) depend on this.

Operating principle and requirements

The process occurs with the release of thermal energy. The energy heats up the coolant in the next working unit - the heat exchanger. Combustion products are discharged to the street in one way or another.

What requirements must the burner meet:

• simple design, reliability;
• long service life;
• low noise level;
• ease of switching from one fuel to another (if it is provided for in the boiler design);
• the low emission of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide during combustion makes the boiler almost flawless in environmental terms. Of course, the chimney and hood must be arranged correctly.

Classification by air supply method

This method depends on the design of the firebox.

The firebox can be open or closed.

In the first case, air is taken directly from the room, and combustion gases escape through a standard chimney.

The second option assumes that both air intake and smoke exhaust are carried out through coaxial tubes passing through through holes in the wall.

Low temperature burner

In open fireboxes, gas atmospheric burners are used for heating boilers.

The principle of operation is simple: gas enters the wick through an ejector, air is drawn in from the boiler room.

Ignition is carried out by small low-temperature flames. This type can be used in any boiler, from primitive units of an old design to modern advanced models.

In addition to simplicity, low cost and versatility, atmospheric burners have another advantage: low noise level.

Possibility of using ejector burners

If you have enough money to buy a combination boiler, you are in luck: two autonomous fireboxes, you can easily switch from wood heating to gas heating and vice versa (review of types of gas heating boilers for a private home). But universal/combination boilers are not a budget option.

Read also: What is a condensing boiler

Let's say you already have a wood-burning boiler, and you want to convert it into a gas one - more opportunities for automation, fewer problems with the supply of fuel. Gas burners for solid fuel heating boilers are usually atmospheric: the device is simple, there is practically nothing to break.

Do-it-yourself gas burners for heating boilers work on the same principle. To use such a device, it is not necessary to radically alter the entire heating unit.

If, for example, you are converting a wood-burning boiler into a gas one, you can use an ash pan to install the burner, and connect an external automation system for control and adjustment.

It is also recommended to purchase gas burners for old Russian-made heating boilers of the atmospheric type: the design features of these units do not make it possible to make the fuel chambers completely sealed, and, therefore, quite efficient.

Some solid fuel boilers (for example, pyrolysis models) are already equipped with gas burners for ignition.

Fan burner (pressurized)

In closed fireboxes, free flow of air to the wick is impossible, so they resort to artificial injection. The firebox includes a built-in fan that forces air into the chamber forcibly.

This burner is not as versatile as the previous one, but it has another advantage: it is easier to integrate into a fully automated boiler control system (about heating schemes for a private house with a gas boiler).

The fan burner multiblock includes the following parts:

• gas filter;
• pressure regulator;
• flow regulator;
• gearbox;
• relay for turning off and forcibly turning on the burner when the pressure drops/increases;
• fan relay (turns off the burner when the fan motor stops).

It is advisable that the system have an uninterruptible power supply in case of a sudden power outage.

The disadvantages of this type of burner are high cost and complexity. Boilers need to be completely rebuilt for them; they are not suitable for all units.

Classification by type of fuel

A gas boiler can operate on natural (main) methane gas or liquefied gas from cylinders (propane-butane). Today the difference in cost is negligible.

Since in suburban conditions it is not always possible to connect to the mains, you will most likely need a propane or butane gas burner for your heating boiler.

Structurally, these boilers are the same; the burners have their own nuances. Burners for natural and liquid gas differ in the design of their nozzles. Many units are equipped with injectors for both types of fuel.

Classification by ignition type

Ignition for boilers can be electronic or piezo. Piezo ignition is carried out once, then the igniter is constantly burning, regardless of the gas supply. Electronic – it depends. Triggered when the supply valve opens: the fuel is ignited by an electrostatic spark.

The second option is considered more economical. It also extends the life of the burner. But this method is energy-dependent: with frequent and prolonged power outages, the boiler will be idle.

How to choose a burner

When choosing, the following characteristics are important: range, power and adjustment method. The power should be greater than that of the combustion chamber: this will make it possible to further regulate the operation of the boiler over a wide range.

The adjustment varies according to the number of power levels. There may be one or two stages, as well as modulated adjustment (smooth over the entire range).

Among the brands, German (Buderus, Vaillant), Italian (Lamborghini), and Slovak (Protherm) are in particular demand. Gas burners for heating boilers made in Russia are represented by products of the companies Zhukovsky Machine-Building Plant, Lemarx, Conord.

It should also be noted gas burners for heating boilers Vakula. The company specializes in the production of automatic equipment for burners.

Features of automatic gas burners for heating boilers produced by Vakula:

• piezoelectric ignition;
• coolant temperature adjustment – ​​from 40 to 90?;
• adjusting the gas supply to the fuse;
• gas flow adjustment;
• possibility of working at reduced gas pressure;
• automatic shutdown in case of reverse draft or sudden stop of gas supply.

Gas burners for floor heating boilers come in all types: atmospheric and forced, electronic and with piezoelectric ignition.

Which type of ignition is better depends on whether you want to make the system fully automated or prefer manual control and non-volatile equipment.

The choice between an atmospheric and a fan burner is largely determined by power. A floor standing boiler with an atmospheric burner produces from 10 to 80 kW or more.

The power of a boiler with a forced-air burner reaches several thousand kW. Whether you need to overpay a lot of money for a boiler with such characteristics is up to you to decide.

Read this article of ours if you are choosing economical gas heating boilers for a private home.

If you are going to add underfloor heating to your heating system, then see this section.

Video gas burners for heating boilers. Rework.

Ks5.ru

Gas burner for heating boiler

The main operating unit of any gas boiler is the gas burner. It ensures the preparation of the air-fuel mixture, its supply to the combustion chamber and the formation of a stable flame. It is the gas burner for a gas heating boiler that determines its efficiency and reliability. When choosing equipment, you should pay special attention to the type of burner design and its features.

Device

For complete combustion of natural gas and maximum heat transfer, it must be mixed with a certain amount of air with a normal oxygen content, which acts as an oxidizer. At the exit, the fuel mixture of gas and air should burn with a practically colorless flame with a bluish tint and a maximum temperature. By design, gas burners differ in the method of supplying gas and air, mixing components and the method of forming a flame torch.

In household heating boilers, mainly only two types of gas burners are used according to the method of preparing the fuel mixture:

• atmospheric;
• fan (inflatable).

In addition, there are diffusion, injection recuperative, regenerative burners, with preliminary full or partial mixing, but they are in demand mainly in industrial boilers and process equipment. Atmospheric and inflatable types are often improved using certain aspects characteristic of other types of structures, but the principle of operation remains the same.

The type of burner determines the requirements for the design of the combustion chamber, heat exchanger, operational characteristics of the boiler and the method of removing waste gases and exhaust. The last parameter is key for choosing a boiler. For atmospheric burners, a chimney is required to maintain natural draft. For inflatable ones, it is enough to take a special coaxial chimney outside the room.

For heating boilers, it is important to control not only the combustion process as such, but also the output thermal power, because the goal is to heat the coolant and maintain a constant set temperature. This is how the main operational characteristic is determined - the method of power control:

• single stage;
• two-stage;
• with smooth flame adjustment;
• modulation.

Riello single stage burner

In the first case, the gas burner operates only in one mode of complete combustion of all incoming gas. The main advantage is the simple design and, accordingly, low cost of equipment. However, it is necessary to constantly turn the gas supply on and off in order to maintain the required coolant temperature. The output results in three significant disadvantages: increased gas consumption, strong fluctuations in the temperature of the coolant in the boiler, and a decrease in service life due to frequent switching on/off.

A two-stage power control mode allows the boiler to operate at full power or only at 40-60%. This is achieved by limiting the gas combustion field, actually blocking part of the output nozzles and limiting the volume of incoming gas or by controlling the inlet pressure, reducing or increasing the size of the flame.

Smooth flame adjustment involves adjusting the volume of incoming gas to the entire volume of the gas burner. The size of the flame decreases or increases and, accordingly, the resulting thermal power of the boiler in the range of 40-100%.

Modulating burners actually combine a two- or three-stage method with smooth adjustment. It is possible to limit the combustion field by turning off part of the nozzles, and also to regulate the size of the flame. As a result, in a fully automatic mode, power is adjusted from 10 to 100% while maintaining high efficiency.

Atmospheric

Natural gas is mixed with air directly from the room. The principle of a simple ejector is used. The gas enters specially shaped nozzles inside the burner channel, where outside air has access, and at some distance a series of outlet slots are formed, into which the prepared gas-air mixture enters. In the area from the nozzle to the outlet, a directed gas stream forms a vacuum, constantly drawing air from the outside and mixing with it.

Atmospheric burner operating diagram

The combustion field in the combustion chamber is formed by rows of parallel channels, each of which has a separate nozzle.

After combustion, the heated exhaust rises under the influence of natural draft upward to the heat exchanger, releasing part of the energy, and then into the chimney channel. Due to the difference in air temperature inside the room and in the chimney, draft and air movement are formed, due to which a new portion of oxygen is constantly supplied to the burner.

Advantages:

• simplicity of design, low cost of components;
• energy independence, combustion and its maintenance occurs due to the established process of air circulation and pressure in the gas line;
• simple principle of adjusting output power;
• noiselessness;
• compact dimensions and light weight;
• ease of installation, replacement and maintenance.

Flaws:

• a chimney is required;
• The quality of gas combustion depends on the composition of the air and on the quality of all components of the gas burner and the level of draft, which largely depends on external factors.

Fan

Fan burner design diagram

Inflatable gas burners are more complex in design and control, but they provide almost complete automatic control of the combustion process, thermal output and gas consumption. Air for mixing with natural gas is taken from outside the room and forced into the combustion chamber using a powerful fan. By controlling the fan and damper, it is possible to strictly regulate the proportions of gas and air depending on the gas pressure, the operating mode of the boiler and even the composition of the incoming air.

Exhaust and waste gases are removed forcibly. There is no need to leave the exhaust too hot to maintain draft, which means more heat is transferred to the coolant, increasing the efficiency of the boiler equipment. A coaxial chimney is used, consisting of two pipes of different diameters, one inserted inside the other. The internal pipe carries the exhaust outside, and in the space between the pipes fresh air enters the burner.

Since the supply of air, gas and their mixing is forced, inflatable gas burners are much easier to design for the use of several types of fuel: gas and liquid fuel (diesel fuel, gasoline, ethyl alcohol and kerosene).

Advantages

• full control of the preparation of the fuel mixture and combustion;
• wide range of power settings;
• reduction in overall gas consumption;
• increased boiler efficiency;
• possibility of installation in apartments or houses not equipped with a chimney;
• the ability to combine the type of fuel without reworking or reconfiguring the burner and combustion chamber.

Flaws:

• high cost of equipment;
• energy dependence, if there is no electricity, the gas supply is cut off;
• maintenance and operation only with the assistance of specialists.

For continuous operation of a boiler with an inflatable gas burner, it is necessary to install a UPS (uninterruptible power supply), and it is also desirable to have a voltage stabilizer.

Automatic

Preparing the fuel mixture and supporting the combustion process are fairly simple tasks, and are solved by the design of the burner itself, the shape of the nozzle, and the output nozzles. The automation unit in any heating boiler is responsible for other tasks:

• igniter combustion support, ignition using a piezoelectric element or a spark gap;
• thermal power adjustment;
• handling any emergency situations.

Among the latter are taken into account:

• lack of draft for atmospheric burners or problems with the operation of the fan for inflatable burners;
• low pressure in the gas line;
• extinguishing of the igniter or burner flame;
• exceeding the permissible temperature of the equipment.

The response to emergency situations is always the same - shut off the gas supply and, if possible, signal the user about a problem.

Settings

Preliminary tincture is required for atmospheric gas burners. It is necessary to adjust the damper for air supply, the nozzle for dosing gas and the position of the nozzle so that at the output you get a flame with uniform combustion and an even bluish color, which will indicate the correct proportion of gas and air.

In inflatable gas burners, the air supply is automated and controlled by an electronic control unit. The initial settings practically do not affect the mechanical components of the system, with the exception of the damper at the air inlet, which determines the maximum and minimum intake volume.

Fan systems are equipped with a reducer that normalizes the inlet pressure, which solves the problem of setting the proportions for the gas-air mixture. Depending on the operating pressure in the gas pipes, the operating mode of the reducer is determined.

Typically, gas burners are produced in specialized factories and then supplied to boiler assembly plants. This ensures unification and increases the maintainability of boiler equipment. Common domestic models:

• KChM. It is equipped with three nozzle channels and is intended mainly for installation on Kontur boilers. Often used for retrofitting solid fuel boilers with the possibility of combined use of gas and coal as fuel. The mounting plate on which the burner is fixed allows for easy installation/disassembly. The adjusting nut for the damper and jet are located on the outside, allowing for initial adjustment without dismantling.
• "Hearth." The burner with a wide combustion field is designed for medium and high power boilers. Equipped with a mechanical control unit and gas pressure controller for fully automatic operation of the equipment.
• "Cooper." A universal burner that can operate on gas, liquid fuel and can be installed in solid fuel boilers as a backup option. The advantages include a compact size and a convenient mounting plate, for installation without additional plumbing or, especially, welding.
• UGOP-P. Atmospheric gas burner, often found in domestic heating boilers. Features include simplicity of design and maintainability. However, reliability remains in question; sensitivity to the purity of the supplied air and gas is quite high.

Among foreign manufacturers, the choice is between:

• Buderus
• Lamborghini
• Weishaupt
• Cib Unigas

The core of the range is represented by monoblock type fan burners with a power of up to tens of megawatts. For a private home, models with a thermal power of up to 100 kW, which are installed on existing heating boilers instead of old burners, are of interest. Thus, without replacing all boiler equipment, an increase in power and a significant improvement in operational characteristics is obtained.

How to clean

Over time, gas burners require cleaning and maintenance. If the equipment contains a fine filter, it must be cleaned or replaced. If there is no filter, then you need to clean the nozzles, in which dust, dirt and oily substances that enter them with the gas accumulate.

Cleaning is carried out with compressed air, but only if its pressure does not exceed that allowed for this type of burner, or simply with a stream of air. The nozzles can be cleaned with medium-hard polymer brushes with short bristles, but special cleaning compounds that soak up any dirt and easily come off without damaging the base work better.

Output nozzles often become clogged due to dirt and dust entering with the air. Dirt should be cleaned either with special cleaning agents, a soap solution, or in a dry state with a stream of air and a medium-hard brush.

Atmospheric burners are easy to clean. All elements are quite easy to disassemble and are available even for self-cleaning, without the involvement of a specialist. Inflatable burners must be sent for maintenance (maintenance) only at service centers or on site by a foreman, if it is possible to call him to your home.

udobnovdome.ru

Types of gas burners for heating boilers

The heart of any gas boiler is a burner with a heat exchanger installed above it. The burner burns gas fuel, generating heat. In turn, the heat is absorbed by the heat exchanger and sent to the heating system. The current review will be devoted to the burners.

We will tell you what a gas burner is for a solid fuel boiler, and also give information about the types of burners for gas boilers.

The gas burner is one of the most important components of any boiler. She is responsible for creating a stable flame. This is where the supplied fuel is burned. The resulting heat rises upward to the heat exchanger, where it is almost completely transferred into the coolant. Combustion products, along with residual heat, are removed into the atmosphere in one way or another.

The design of a gas burner for a boiler is extremely simple - it includes several main components:

The low emission of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide during combustion makes the boiler almost flawless in environmental terms.

• Nozzle - gas is released from here;
• Ignition system – provides gas ignition;
• Automation system – controls the temperature;
• Flame sensor – monitors the presence of fire.

To put it simply, this is exactly what it looks like. You will find out a little later how these or other types of gas burners differ from each other in different boiler models.

A modern gas burner for a heating boiler is a device that has certain requirements. First of all, quiet operation is important. I immediately remember some models of Soviet instantaneous water heaters, where the flame roared with the force of a hurricane. Modern samples burn relatively quietly (attention is also paid to quiet ignition, without pops or explosions). The design of the combustion chambers has an additional influence on the noise level.

Long service life - if you remember the old gas units, they served for quite a long time (in those days everything was made to last). Today, such technologies no longer exist, so burners in boilers often break down. There is only one way out - to buy units from trusted brands that use components of normal quality. As for any Chinese junk from unknown manufacturers, everything is obvious here - it’s not worth taking.

The same applies to cheap Russian-made boilers - they often have short-lived burners installed.

Complete combustion of gas is another important requirement. A burner for a gas boiler must burn fuel completely, with minimal release of carbon monoxide and other related components. However, everything here depends not only on it - the quality of combustion is also influenced by other components. We must not forget about proper gas removal, for which you need to have a clean chimney with good draft at your disposal. As for the operating principle of the gas burner, it is simple:

In the burner, the burned gas is combined with air. At high temperatures, a chemical reaction occurs to form carbon dioxide and water.

• The boiler detects a discrepancy between the temperature in the heating circuit and the parameters specified by the users;
• The gas valve opens and gas begins to flow into the burner;
• At the same time, the ignition system is activated;
• The gas is ignited and a flame is formed.

At the same time, the flame presence control begins to work - if the fire suddenly goes out, the automation will shut off the supply of blue fuel. As soon as the temperature in the heating system reaches the specified limit, the gas supply will be shut off.

The implementation of flame presence control is implemented in gas burners in different ways. Somewhere there is a simple thermoelement, and advanced boilers with electronic-based automation are equipped with ionization control systems.

For a long time, the market was dominated by the simplest boilers, devoid of complex electronics and advanced automation. They needed full-fledged chimneys and had to be installed in rooms with good ventilation. Today there are units on sale that can be used in almost any conditions. Traditional models are also sold along with them. They all differ in the design of gas burners.

The use of atmospheric gas burners greatly simplifies the design of heating equipment. They work due to the natural flow of oxygen, and full-fledged chimneys are used to remove combustion products. Since oxygen is taken from the room, it must have good ventilation. Let's look at the main advantages of atmospheric boilers:

• Simplicity of design - has a direct impact on the cost of equipment;
• Low noise level - there are no additional fans, only the flame hums;
• Higher reliability - a completely understandable pattern comes into play here: equipment with a minimum of parts breaks down much less and less often;
• Energy independence - thanks to this, the equipment can operate in buildings where there is no electrification.

There are also some disadvantages:

• Not the highest efficiency - you have to put up with this drawback. More advanced gas boilers with closed burners are more economical and efficient;
• The need for a full-fledged chimney opening onto the roof - in houses under construction this is an additional expense;
• Installation of a boiler with an atmospheric gas burner must be carried out in a specially designated room where there is ventilation and a window - sometimes it is problematic to follow these requirements.

It is also necessary to note the possibility of incomplete combustion of gas fuel.

We have come close to the most modern heating equipment, equipped with closed-type gas burners. Such boilers are often called “turbocharged”. They are equipped with compact chimneys, often extending directly beyond the opposite wall. This is very convenient, especially when the building is under construction - there is no need to worry about arranging the chimney and ventilation ducts.

A heating boiler with a closed combustion chamber is a heating unit in which the gas burner is enclosed in a special chamber. Oxygen comes here from the outside, through a special coaxial chimney. Combustion products are removed through it. All flows are controlled by a powerful fan with automatically controlled speed. If desired, a “turbocharged” boiler can be mounted in a completely sealed room, devoid of ventilation and windows.

A coaxial chimney is a kind of “pipe-in-pipe” design. It serves to take in outside air and remove combustion products. Such a chimney is installed at an arbitrary point on the nearest wall, but no closer than half a meter to the nearest windows (more stringent requirements may be imposed).

Advantages of gas boilers with closed burners:

• Possibility of installation in any room - in kitchens, basements, bathrooms (even in the bedroom);
• Increased safety - the gas burns in an isolated chamber. Even if it goes out and the automation does not respond to this, the gas-air mixture will be removed outside the apartment/house;
• Increased efficiency - gas boilers with closed burners are indeed more efficient, but this does not apply to all models;
• More efficient temperature control - for this purpose, a fan shaft speed control system is used;
• High environmental cleanliness - fuel burns almost completely.

Unfortunately, there are some drawbacks:

Increased safety and increased efficiency will come at the cost of high noise levels and increased maintenance bills.

• Increased complexity - gas burners for heating boilers have a more complex design, which makes repair work difficult;
• Slightly reduced reliability - the more parts, the lower the reliability of the system (the cheapest samples and Chinese models especially often fail);
• High price - in order to buy a “turbocharged” boiler, you will have to shell out a round sum (they cost 10-15% more than their atmospheric counterparts);
• Increased noise level - the fan installed in the system makes a hum (the noise level depends on the specific model);
• Lack of energy independence - when the lights are turned off, the equipment will stop working. The problem is solved by installing an uninterruptible power supply.

Despite this, the use of these boilers for heating houses and apartments is becoming a definite trend.

So-called condensing boilers are equipped with closed-type burners, which are characterized by increased efficiency due to the extraction of heat from combustion products.

Let's consider the division of gas burners by type of ignition. The simplest option is with a burning igniter (wick). When the automation is triggered, the wick ignites the gas and the boiler begins to heat the coolant. There are two disadvantages here - increased gas consumption and low safety (the igniter may go out). Primary ignition is carried out with matches or using a piezoelectric element that produces a spark.

Natural gas from the mains provides even combustion without forming excessive soot on the walls of the chimney pipe.

Electronic ignition of the burner requires the presence of a high-voltage converter in the gas boiler. Energy is taken from batteries or the electrical network. The first option is used in non-volatile boilers that do not have electronic automation. The second option is relevant for complex units with electronics on board. Along with such ignition, modules for ionization control of the presence of flame are often installed.

There is also a division according to the type of fuel used. Natural gas supplied from the pipeline is cleaner, it is supplied at optimal pressure (we do not consider cases of pressure surges in both directions). The flame in the boiler is clean, without soot. The equipment is connected to the network without modifications. There are burners that can operate on propane - this requires setting up the system and installing a jet. The flame from propane combustion gives off a yellow color, and there is increased soot deposits on the chimney.

Jets allow you to normalize propane pressure to an acceptable value - they are supplied as a set or purchased separately.

A gas burner for a solid fuel heating boiler is a rather complex unit. It was created to convert heating equipment from one type of fuel to another. That is, you can purchase a solid fuel (universal) unit for working with wood, and when a gas main appears, transfer it to working with natural gas.

It is best to entrust the maintenance of even the simplest gas burner to a specialist - the services of a specialist will be cheaper than buying a new unit.

An automatic gas burner for a solid fuel boiler is built using a fan circuit. Gas is supplied here, mixed with air, after which the finished fuel-air mixture is sent to the nozzle. Here it is ignited, forming a high-temperature flame. On board the burner there is a powerful fan, an automation system, a reducer and a gas filter. The unit requires electricity to operate. The product itself has a modular design (removable).

A typical example is a gas burner for a Cooper boiler. The boiler itself is pellet, but you can connect a replaceable burner to it and switch it to natural or liquefied gas.

Some craftsmen make gas burners for boilers with their own hands (for solid fuel boilers). Please be warned that this is not safe. And no one will allow you to connect such a structure to the gas main. Most often, such “crafts” are made on the basis of some gas units that have spent their time. Remember that a homemade gas burner for heating your home is far from the best option. It is best to purchase the simplest gas non-volatile boiler and convert it to bottled gas.

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Classification of gas burners for heating boilers

The most efficient heating system based on natural gas. It is simple, convenient, and does not require any special maintenance costs. But for the efficiency indicators to be truly high, it is necessary that the gas supplied to the burner have a certain concentration. In its pure form it does not burn completely, but mixed in a certain proportion with air, it will burn to the end. Modern gas burners for heating boilers can provide this proportion.

Classification and requirements

Let's start with the second position, that is, with the requirements that are imposed on gas burners for boilers today.

• First of all, with their help it is necessary to accurately mix the air-gas mixture. This is precisely their main purpose. In this regard, manufacturers make every effort to achieve one hundred percent results. Modern burners contain the latest developments and technologies that increase the efficiency of natural gas combustion to the maximum.
• These devices should be easy to install and easy to remove. No extra fancy fastenings. Everything is simple and reliable.
• High durability. Let's just say that while the gas boiler itself is working, its burner should also work. At the same time, quality indicators should not change over time. That's why these units are made from high quality materials.
• They must meet the requirements of sanitary and hygienic standards. Particular attention is paid to their silent operation.
• Currently, manufacturers offer so-called combined designs that can operate on different types of fuel. For example, diesel gas, main gas - liquefied gas. And even here there are some requirements. One of them is a rapid transition from one type of fuel to another.
• Not the least important indicator will be the low toxicity of emissions from fuel combustion. Engineers and designers are trying to reduce this indicator by changing the design of the burner, in which the gas-air ratio will be optimal. This is what will influence the reduction of emissions toxicity. By the way, toxicity refers to the amount of carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) and nitrogen oxide in the products of fuel combustion. The more there are, the worse it is for the surrounding nature.

Automatic burner

Types of gas burners

Currently, manufacturers use only two options in gas boilers:

1. Atmospheric burners.
2. Fan.

Let's look at each position separately and decide which one is better, and in what conditions it is better to use one or the other.

Atmospheric burner

The operating principle of such a burner is quite simple. The fuel enters the burner through the gas pipe. It has a slot (ejector), which is adjusted by a clamping nut or a special flap. Through this slot, air enters the burner along with the gas. This is how the formation of an air-gas mixture occurs. By opening the slot more, you can increase the oxygen supply; by closing it, the supply decreases accordingly. In this simple way you can manually regulate the degree of fuel combustion.
Atmospheric model

The air-gas mixture then enters the burner itself and through small holes enters the combustion chamber, where it is burned. The number of holes will depend on the shape of the burner itself and the size of the combustion chamber. The most important thing is that the resulting small torches that protrude from the holes do not create much pressure, so the fuel burns evenly and efficiently. The more pressure, the more likely it is to reduce efficiency. Therefore, manufacturers are trying to increase the number of holes by reducing their diameter.

Attention! Gas burners of this type are very similar in principle to devices that are used in industrial hearth units. Many experts believe that this design is very effective and simple, with a high degree of reliability. That is why it is often used in both cheap models of gas boilers and expensive ones.

Many home craftsmen who manufacture gas boilers use atmospheric burners in their design. There is only one reason - ease of manufacture and low cost of the product.

Fan

This device works on a completely different principle. Here, forced injection of an air mass is used, and the proportions of the mixture are maintained more accurately, so that fuel combustion occurs more efficiently. Typically, such burners are installed in gas boilers with a closed combustion chamber, where inflation can be carried out. If in atmospheric burners the mixing of natural gas and air occurs at the beginning of the device, that is, at the inlet, then in fan analogues the mixing occurs at the exit to the combustion chamber. This is a significant differentiator.

Fan model

Typically, such burners are installed on boilers that are equipped with automation with a high degree of automation. And most often, such a burner is a whole mini block, which includes:

• A gas filter, with its help the fuel undergoes additional cleaning.
• A special relay that responds to pressure surges in the line. With its help, you can turn off the gas supply and the fan itself. Or, conversely, it will turn on the entire system if the pressure has returned to normal.
• Gearbox. This device is responsible for stabilizing the pressure at the burner outlet. Regardless of the pressure in the line, in the burner it will be certain, necessary for efficient combustion of fuel.
• A regulator that regulates the gas supply.
• A regulator that regulates gas pressure.
• A relay that controls the operation of the fan itself. When the inflation stops, the relay sends a signal to the valve, which shuts off the fuel supply to the gas burner.

Monoblock

From all of the above, one very important conclusion can be drawn - fan burners are energy-dependent units. And since in many country villages problems with a constant supply of electricity are urgent, we can give one piece of advice: when installing this particular option, take care to provide the boiler with an additional source of electricity. For example, install an IPS for a gas boiler.

This type of burner has one positive point. There is no need to configure them. The design of the device includes a servo drive that controls the position of the damper. With its help, a slot is opened through which air enters the burner. That is, the servo drive precisely controls the required amount of oxygen.

Sometimes a home owner wants to replace an atmospheric burner with a fan burner. It’s not easy to do this, especially with your own hands, don’t even try. Firstly, you will have to accurately calculate the size and power of the device. Secondly, install it correctly and competently. And only a specialist can handle this.

Flat burner

Service

It doesn’t matter what type of burner is installed on your gas boiler: factory or homemade. Experts note that it needs to be cleaned at regular intervals. Some people recommend purging, but keep in mind that these devices are designed to operate on natural gas with an outlet pressure of no more than 0.15 bar. And if you use a compressor for purging, which pumps air up to 6-10 bar, then there is a high probability that you can simply damage the burner. Therefore, be extremely careful.

The best option is to rinse and dry the gas burner. But in any case, it will have to be removed; there is simply no other way to clean it well.

And one last thing. It doesn’t matter what type of burner you use in your gas boiler for heating, it is important to configure it correctly or set the settings. The quality of the created air-gas mixture and its exact proportions will depend on this. And, accordingly, the combustion efficiency of the fuel itself.