Kira Stoletova

Honey mushrooms are outwardly inconspicuous, unpretentious mushrooms, but they have excellent taste and are universal in use. They are often grown at home. The growth time of honey mushrooms is short and depends on organized climatic conditions.

Features of growing honey mushrooms

In nature, honey mushrooms grow in large groups on fallen trees and stumps, i.e. on dead wood, although they can also settle on living but weakened trees.

1. These are “hemp” mushrooms that actively reproduce on moistened wood of deciduous trees. They do not germinate on rotten wood. This method of growing on logs or stumps is also practiced at home. Mycelium grows with proper care in a greenhouse
2. Growing honey mushrooms in glass jars.
3. If there are freshly cut trees in the garden plot, it is better to choose the main method of cultivation and not risk future honey mushrooms. If not, sprouting mycelium in a jar will do. The fruiting body of the mushroom or a piece of wood where they sprouted earlier (it contains mycelium) is used as planting material.
4. The time for growing mycelium on stumps (or with other methods of maintenance) depends on weather conditions. Usually they go to the forest to pick mushrooms after the rain, expecting to get a rich harvest. In artificially organized conditions, the climate created by the owner of the “mushroom bed” also plays a big role.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

Having chosen stumps left over from cut down trees and still growing as the basis for growing honey mushrooms, you will have to periodically water the ground around them after colonizing the mycelium.

If you decide to opt for logs, then in the case of logs that were cut down a long time ago, they will have to be soaked before planting the mycelium. Then such logs will need to be placed in the basement, where a constant temperature is maintained at +15...20℃ and covered with straw. Since a high level of humidity is required, you will need to wipe the floors and walls several times a day or provide a sufficient number of containers with water. As soon as the logs are overgrown with mycelium, they need to be taken out to the site and buried in the place chosen for this. The very next year you will receive the first harvest of honey mushrooms. The collection will continue until the stump or log is completely “destructed”.

The more precise and better the growing conditions are, the faster the growth rate will be. The average readiness of mycelium for harvesting is 7-8 days.

Dependence of mushroom growth on air temperature

Mushroom growers often rely on air temperature in their practice. Reproduction of mycelium planted on a stump begins already at a temperature of +3...+4°C (spores of winter, autumn and spring honey mushrooms germinate). The mushroom grows under such conditions for up to 30 days. The germination rate changes in the presence of systematic jumps (differences) in night and day temperatures.

A favorable indicator for the active growth of mycelium is usually within the range of +16...+26°C. Without temperature changes and high humidity, summer and autumn varieties of mushrooms are able to grow and complete the period of active growth in just 8-9 days. If the temperature is higher than the upper limit, the germination rate will slow down.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

A mushroom grower should never forget that the mycelium absorbs all nutrients by osmosis, and chemical reactions in the cells of the fruiting body occur only at certain temperatures. Air humidity in the ground layers is extremely important for mushrooms. Fruiting (spore-bearing) bodies are formed when the air humidity in the ground layers is at least 50-60%, because their body lacks structures that protect fungal cells from excess moisture evaporation. Therefore, very often mushroom pickers and mycologists say that the growth of mushrooms (fruiting bodies) stops in the event of a sudden onset of drought, even if this happened after a rainy period and there seemed to be plenty of soil moisture. But the air in the ground layer is dry and, as a result, the fruiting body of the mushroom dries out. In this case, experienced mushroom pickers look for mushrooms under moss or in the forest floor.

When the thermometer exceeds +30°C, the honey fungus quickly deteriorates, especially if there is drought during the period of its development.

Growth of honey mushrooms in the forest

Meadow honey mushrooms (they are also called “wild honey mushrooms”) sprout on stumps. For active growth, they need a temperature of +20...+23°C (summer) and +10...+12°C (autumn and spring). For rapid ripening of fruiting bodies, high humidity of the wood and the surrounding air is also important. Both autumn and spring and summer honey mushrooms require an optimal combination of heat and moisture for rapid development.

A favorable humidity level should be 50-65%. In just one day, a growth of 2-2.5 cm is observed in the stem. In the following days, only the cap develops. You can go for mushrooms 3-4 days after the rain.

If the parameters of heat and moisture are observed at home, the edible honey fungus will germinate on the stump up to 4 times a month.

Germination rate of autumn mushrooms

Autumn mushrooms, collected in September and early October, are the most popular among mushroom pickers, as they contain in their fruiting bodies a large number of compounds useful for humans. It's the start of the rainy season, but the weather is still warm outside. This period is considered the most productive time for collecting mushrooms.

In autumn, honey mushrooms grow most quickly: from late August to mid-October, the mycelium grows in just 8 days. In the event of heavy rain, it takes even less time to grow. The fruiting body is suitable for cutting already on the 4-5th day.

Autumn honey mushrooms have different growth rates, depending on the condition of the wood. On old and rotten wood, mycelium grows faster, because this wood, due to its characteristics, absorbs moisture more easily. In just a day, their number often doubles, and a new, young mushroom, after 24 hours, will have a leg 4-5 cm long and a cap 2-2.5 cm in diameter. The maximum growth of this mushroom reaches 14 cm at the cap size is 8-9 cm. If the mushroom exceeds this size, most likely it is a representative of false mushrooms.

Mushrooms collected later, at the end of October - beginning of November, are considered winter. Compared to autumn honey mushrooms, winter honey mushrooms grow more slowly and only in those regions where the climate is mild and warm. Favorable conditions for the germination of the last crops of the year will be the absence of frost and the temperature range from +6°C to +10°C

Honey mushroom growth observation - it grows in two days.

Mushroom growth. For 7 days we monitored the growth of honey mushrooms. High definition video.

How to instantly grow a lot of honey mushrooms on your plot 2

Conclusion

Honey mushrooms are one of the fastest growing mushrooms, so they are profitable to grow at home. The growth rate depends on climatic conditions. At the proper temperature and humidity, it will be possible to cut the fruiting bodies within 7-8 days in the summer, and in early autumn – after 4-5.

Kira Stoletova

Edible forest mushrooms are a storehouse of useful vitamins and nutrients that can completely replace a meat product. For their high nutritional value, it is not for nothing that they are called “vegetable” or “forest” meat. They are healthy, tasty, nutritious and, most importantly for mushroom pickers, they grow quickly. Active reproduction and growth of mushrooms, starting from the first spring collection season and ending with the last, autumn, is due to their unique biological characteristics.

The structure of mushrooms

A common mushroom that grows in the forest consists of a stalk (stump) and a cap, which together make up the fruiting body of the mushroom. The base of the stalk is connected to a mycelium (mycelium), very reminiscent of a tangled interweaving of thin threads (hyphae).

The mycelium itself is located in the loose top layer of soil, including rotted leaves, dying plant remains, humus and other soil organic matter. The mycelium threads form the entire fruiting body of the mushroom - from the base of the stem to the cap. It is through them that organic nutrients obtained from symbiont trees enter the mushroom cap.

This is very important for the propagation of the fungus, because There are spores in thin plates or tubes on the lower surface of the cap. After ripening, the spores fall off the surface of these formations (plates, tubes) and are carried throughout the forest by the wind, insects or animals.

Reproduction

Once in a warm and humid environment, fungal spores begin to germinate quickly. This is how a new independent mycelium is formed, lying underground up to 15 cm from the soil surface.

The mycelium has many important functions:

• promotes maximum consolidation of the entire fungal organism in the soil;
• “distills” mineral substances obtained from the soil into the cells of the roots of symbiotic trees, and then delivers organic substances formed during photosynthesis by the trees into the fruiting bodies of the fungi;
• fulfills responsibilities for adapting to environmental changes;
• responsible for sporulation and preservation of fungal spores.

Mushrooms grow most quickly in mature perennial myceliums, which have a numerous and branched micellar system that is resistant to unfavorable conditions for growth and development (frost and drought). When the mycelium becomes sufficiently developed, formation begins. Mushroom threads intertwine more strongly with each other, forming small lumps - future legs and caps of mushrooms.

Features of growth

It takes approximately 3-5 days for the mushroom to reach medium size. It is these young and strong mushrooms that professional mushroom pickers prefer to collect. But not all mushrooms grow and develop at the same speed.

How quickly a mushroom grows is directly affected by:

• the nature of the area where the mycelium grows;
• humidity and temperature of both air and soil;
• a type of edible mushroom.

For example, boletus, russula and boletus mushrooms gain the mass of the fruiting body the fastest, so you can go to the forest to collect the harvest just a few days after the previous one - you will find a lot of young mushrooms.

You can wait almost a week for boletus and porcini mushrooms to fully ripen. And chanterelles are considered the slowest in the mushroom kingdom; they grow much slower than other varieties.

Optimal conditions

In order for future mushrooms to develop intensively in the mycelium and grow quickly, the fungal organism requires certain conditions.

Temperature

The low temperature regime has a negative effect on young mycelium, and sudden spring frosts are detrimental to developing mushrooms. Cold weather with sudden temperature changes can greatly slow down and even completely stop the growth of the fruiting body. Intensive and accelerated ripening of mushrooms begins at temperatures from 18℃ to 30℃, but only with sufficient humidity, at least 60%.

Humidity

The humidity level should be about 60-70%, both in the air and in the soil. If the soil is not moist enough, the mushrooms stop actively growing, although the development of the fruiting body does not stop completely.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

The development of fungi is especially active when the soil moisture is 80-85%. However, if the substrate humidity reaches 95-100%, growth and development will begin to be delayed due to a lack of oxygen, which fungi, like all living organisms, need for their development. Thus, swampy soils contain only traces of free oxygen (O 2) and due to this state of affairs, only species adapted to such unfavorable conditions can be found in them - emericellopsis, some fusariums, etc. The “killer” combination has a particularly unfavorable effect on the development of fungi – high humidity and low temperature. Therefore, harvesting a good harvest in a cold, rainy summer is just as unrealistic as a hot but dry summer.

Soil acidity (pH) is also very important for mushrooms - the active acidity of the environment, the value of which shows us the concentration of hydrogen ions (H +) in the environment. The normal life of the fungus and its vital processes, such as, for example, enzyme activity, spore formation, the entry of nutrients into the cell, and the synthesis of antibiotics and pigments, depend on it. Most mushrooms prefer acidic soils, while a smaller number prefer alkaline soils.

Pests

When optimal conditions for fungal organisms occur - warm and humid weather in the absence of pests and diseases, the ripening time of fruiting bodies is reduced, and new young mushrooms grow by leaps and bounds.

The process of active growth does not stop either day or night - this is a distinctive feature of the entire mushroom kingdom and one of the characteristic features of the Plant kingdom.

Fruiting bodies grow especially vigorously in the warm season, after rain, when the sun begins to warm up the soil saturated with moisture. Under these conditions, young mushrooms form to an average size in just a few days, and then within 10 days they gain the mass of the fruiting body, which greatly pleases lovers of “quiet hunting”.

The porcini mushroom (boletus) is rightfully considered the king of edible forest mushrooms. In terms of nutritional value, it ranks 1st, and only after it come saffron milk caps, milk mushrooms, boletuses, aspen mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, boletus mushrooms and other inhabitants of the mushroom kingdom. Its mycelium begins to grow in early spring with the onset of stable warm weather. Growth continues until late autumn, and with the onset of autumn frosts it stops until the next warm season.

Porcini mushrooms grow at temperatures from 18°C ​​to 28°C; mycelium can grow at temperatures of 8°C. Relative air humidity is in the range of 60-70%.

If there is a drought in the growing area, the growth of porcini mushrooms slows down greatly until it stops completely, and the ripening time of spores increases significantly. Moreover, with a decrease in air humidity, the fruiting body also slows down its growth, because it is not protected from moisture evaporation and dries out, unlike other varieties of mushrooms.

There are often cases when, after heavy warm rains, boletus mushrooms with a cap diameter of up to 18 cm and a stem of up to 12 cm are collected.

In favorable conditions (rainy and warm weather), boletus mushrooms grow quite quickly - after 4-5 days the weight of the young mushroom reaches approximately 180 grams. Further, their mass continues to increase. The life of adult boletus takes about 2 weeks. When the spores mature, the fruiting bodies quickly age and wither. Such fruiting bodies are quite suitable for forest inhabitants. The life cycle closes, but life continues its victorious march.

Mushroom season has begun, and lovers of quiet hunting are rushing into the forest. And not only because others will get ahead of them, but also because mushrooms do not live long. I didn’t have time to collect them in time, and they already grew old and collapsed, and all kinds of insects and birds helped them with this.

How long does a mushroom grow?

It grows very quickly. From the moment the bud appears until the final maturation of the so-called fruiting body, 10 to 14 days pass. The exact time depends on the type of mushroom, temperature and humidity of the air and soil.

Why so fast? As you know, the fungus develops from mycelium, which grows in spring, summer, and autumn. So, in this mycelium young fruiting bodies are formed, scientifically called primordia. As soon as the weather becomes favorable, they begin to quickly develop and elongate.

The mushroom reaches medium size within 3-6 days. Mushroom growth occurs most rapidly during the warm period, when it rains and fogs form. But the humidity should not be very high, nor should the temperature be too low or too hot. Temperature differences are good for rapid growth of mushrooms.

It is impossible to give a definite answer to the question after rain. Mushrooms do not always appear after precipitation. Because high humidity alone is not enough for them. When it is warm and humid, the mycelium develops well.
And the growth of the mushrooms themselves is promoted by lower temperatures. For example, a temperature of about 25 degrees is considered favorable for champignon mycelium, and 18-20 degrees is good for the growth of the fruiting body.

Longer than wide

So how long does a mushroom grow? It turns out that some mushrooms, such as russula, boletus and boletus, can be collected literally the next day after they crawled to the surface of the earth. Because their fruiting bodies first grow underground and come to the surface almost fully formed. How long does a mushroom grow after it emerges from the ground? It varies depending on the variety. There are gigantic mushrooms that can grow half a meter per hour. But on average, mushrooms grow by 1-1.5 centimeters per day. In addition, if in the first 5-8 days they grow almost equally in both the height of the stem and the width of the cap, then in the last days the overall growth of the mushroom stops, and the diameter of the cap continues to increase.

How long does the porcini mushroom grow?

On the surface of the earth, mushrooms, depending on the species, live from 10 to 12 or 14 days. The porcini mushroom, like boletus and boletus, lives for 11 days. Boletus, chanterelle, and honey fungus are good for collecting within 10 days. Morels and strings spoil the fastest - in 6 days. But saffron milk caps, milk mushrooms, and oyster mushrooms will wait for the mushroom picker for 12 days.

It is also known about the porcini mushroom that after five days, under favorable conditions, it reaches an average of 9 centimeters in height, and its weight these days increases per day by an average of 40 grams.

So how long a mushroom grows depends on its type, temperature and humidity. But as soon as the growth of the fungus stops, literally within a day it will begin to collapse. However, this only means one thing: his disputes are ripe. A variety of insects, birds and animals will quickly spread them across the ground and promote the germination of new mushrooms.

People never get tired of mushrooms. Their choice is simply huge. Mushrooms can be fried, made into soups, pickled, pickled for the winter, even dried. They can be edible, for example, like fly mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, aspen mushrooms, etc., and poisonous - like fly agaric mushrooms, toadstools, etc. But even conditionally edible ones can also be eaten when properly prepared. When do mushrooms start growing? From May, you can already collect the very first ones, which are called early, or the first wave.

How fast do mushrooms grow?

How fast does a mushroom grow? The question of how long boletus grows can be answered this way: mushrooms generally grow faster than many plants that people usually eat. In one or two days it grows from being invisible to mushroom pickers to a decent size. The cap varieties grow especially quickly. How long does the porcini mushroom grow? Quite quickly under favorable conditions. And the boletuses and boletuses almost keep up with the boletus mushrooms. But on average, most mushrooms reach large sizes in 3 to 6 days.

How fast does a mushroom grow? If conditions are favorable, then even after one night you can already collect boletus and russula. But we are talking about those mushrooms that are already on the surface. Most of their growth still takes place underground. Rapid appearance on the surface is affected by rain and sun. The growth rate is still greater at night than during the day. For example, you can find out how long a porcini mushroom is growing by simply measuring a small young fungus in the mycelium and measuring it every day. They usually grow completely within two days.

The very first boletus, boletus, boletus, white and many others can be found near large trees or not far from them, where there are fewer small and young roots. And in young forests you practically cannot find them at this time. Only closer to August will mushrooms begin to grow evenly throughout all the tracts. At the end of the mushroom season, they again begin to be found most often in old forests. True, there is an exception - these are boletus and saffron milk caps. They prefer young growths and edges.

How does porcini mushroom grow?

They grow all summer, but in “waves.” Kolosoviki are the first species to appear. In order to be absolutely sure that whites can be found, you can go on a quiet hunt at the end of June. The second wave begins approximately from mid-August until September. This time is considered the most fruitful. But it can be very short, maybe even a week. But the third “wave” largely depends on the autumn weather. In October, even on a frosty morning you can find late boletus mushrooms.

Porcini mushrooms do not like to be alone; they grow several at a time. Therefore, if one is found, then the rest are nearby. They can also quite often be found in the vicinity of fly agarics, which appear at the same time as them. How fast does porcini mushroom grow? Not very fast, up to 7 days.

False porcini mushrooms

False mushrooms in the forest are always very similar in appearance to edible ones. But this is only at first glance. You can still tell them apart if you look closely. The white false one has the same massive leg, and its base is the same - in the form of a barrel. In order to distinguish poisonous from good, they look directly at the fruiting body. The false flesh will turn pink when cut. But cut on white - no. In addition, the poisonous one has a small pattern - like a mesh - on the upper part of the leg. But whites just don’t have it at all. Unfortunately, it is this mesh that often misleads mushroom pickers, who mistake the false white for boletus. In a poisonous mushroom, the tubular layer has a pinkish or dirty white tint. Well, the easiest way is to taste it. False mushrooms produce bitterness. Even just by licking a piece, you can immediately feel it. And with subsequent heat treatment it intensifies even more.

Mushroom time

How fast does a mushroom grow? The very first ones appear in April. First, the real morel grows, followed by a conical and morel cap. In May-June, the pitted lobe appears. This mushroom grows up to 10 cm in height.

These types of morels are considered conditionally edible, since these mushrooms are very poisonous in their raw form. The poison in them is destroyed only after preliminary soaking and prolonged boiling (about an hour). It’s best to boil them this way even three times, draining the water and rinsing each time.

As a general rule, mushrooms begin to grow as soon as the soil thaws. But the real first ones are the spikelets, which begin to appear when the grain begins to spike. But often boletus, boletus, chanterelle, aspen and boletus appear in the forests already in May.

In which forests do mushrooms usually grow?

Mushrooms, of course, grow in the forest, but still they can be found much more often on the edges, in small forests, on the outskirts, along the banks of ditches, rivers and streams. It is best to look at the entrance to the forest, not to go too far into it, but to walk along the edge, preferably on the south side.

There is an opinion that mushroom pickers do not explore the area adjacent to the road only because they believe that everything has already been collected there and are trying to move further away. Meanwhile, this is where intact myceliums are often found. Porcini mushrooms are very partial to cow trails. If cattle are usually driven along the edge of the forest, then this is where you should look for them first. This type of mushroom was nicknamed “bug”.

Mostly whites love spruce forests, although they often grow in pine forests. The best place for them is the outskirts of mixed forests.

But boletuses prefer young plantings of aspen and birch. They are mostly found on the slopes of streams, ditches and small rivers. In order to find mycelium, you do not need a large area of ​​forest. It’s not uncommon to come across a whole family among three aspen trees and a pair of birch trees. And from one mycelium alone they cut up to 20 pieces.

The boletus is sure to be found where there are birch plantings. The ideal place for collection is in sparse young plantings. It is here that the “king” of boletus grows - blackhead, which is considered the most delicious and beautiful. You can find it by its small dark cap, since the main part is completely surrounded by moss.

Saffron milk caps and butterflies love coniferous forests, especially pine forests. Milk milk, chanterelles, honey mushrooms and russula are generally unpretentious, and you can stumble upon them in any forest.

Mushrooms have one unusual "tendency". They love high-voltage power lines that are strung across forested areas. This feature is explained by the fact that due to electric current, trees are constantly pruned, and this creates quite favorable conditions for growing mushrooms, since they constantly receive the necessary light and moisture.

Mushrooms in the forest can mainly be found in damp places - lowlands, as they grow much faster there. But you definitely shouldn’t look for them in the swamps. You should also remember about the temperature, so in the southern regions the mushroom season begins earlier than in the northern ones.

Mushrooms growing on trees

Mushrooms that grow on trees not only have different morphologies, but they are also divided into different groups. Most of them are inedible. Many are not only tough, but also quite unpleasant to the taste, and even poisonous. And only a very small part of them are actually edible. However, they usually have no nutritional value. However, among them there are also very tasty ones. For example, honey mushrooms.

Fungi that grow on trees can also grow on or even in soil. They have a smooth and soft texture, but the taste is like seafood. The caps are fleshy and large, and the legs can be quite short.

The color can even be blue, but as they grow older it becomes mostly brown. Some parts of tree mushrooms can be eaten. Some types of vitamins contain 10 times more than vegetables and herbs.

Common types of tree mushrooms

The most famous tree mushrooms:

Truffle

Truffle mushrooms are considered a delicacy that was available only to wealthy people. They belong to the genus of marsupials. Outwardly, they are quite unattractive, fleshy, and grow in tubers. And they can reach a weight of up to 1 kg. Black and blue, smooth or cracking. Covered with small bumps resembling warts.

This mushroom has many species - almost a hundred, but of all, only three are considered the most valuable. These are winter, Périgord and Piedmontese. It is very demanding regarding the conditions of the environment in which it grows. So where do truffles (mushrooms) grow? They prefer mixed forests, but with a predominance of trees such as beeches and oaks. Despite this capricious behavior, they grow underground.

Features of truffle

The mushroom tastes like roasted sunflower seeds or walnuts. And after that it retains its taste for a long time. It is so bright that it is very difficult to describe. In addition, it can even be consumed raw.

Truffle has many beneficial properties. It is highly valued for its high content of vitamins B1, B2, C, PP. Has a beneficial effect on the health of children, nursing mothers and pregnant women. Increases sexual desire. It has even been proven to delay the aging of human skin. Therefore, it is widely used in cosmetology. You can collect such mushrooms only by tearing up the ground, but only pigs and dogs can feel where the mushroom grows, so there is a real mushroom hunt for these delicacies. Otherwise, it is simply impossible to collect them. These mushrooms grow strictly one at a time. They are collected only at night, since only at this time does it emit a smell.

The truffle season is very short - from September to March. And in winter they can only be obtained in November or December. Mostly mushrooms are small, since large specimens are extremely rare.

Truffle even has its own shelf life: it can only be stored fresh for up to 3 days. And even then, it needs to be wrapped in paper and put in the refrigerator. It can also be frozen. But all these operations can only be performed with unwashed and uncleaned mushrooms.

Fly agarics

Fly agaric belongs to the genus of lamellar mushrooms. And for the most part it is very poisonous. There are almost 100 species. Grows in all forests. When mushrooms of all kinds begin to grow, then fly agaric mushrooms appear: from June to October. However, we must remember. Red and stinking fly agarics are deadly to humans, as they are very poisonous.

The fly agaric is a type of fly agaric, quite large and fleshy. The young mushroom is wrapped in a blanket, which tears as it grows. The color is different, it can be not only red, but also gray. It reproduces by spores. By the way, when fly agarics grow, porcini mushrooms also appear.

The most common red mushroom in our forests. When consumed by humans, it causes intense hallucinations. But there are also edible fly agarics. For example, Caesar, pink. Red is used in the treatment of oncology, epilepsy and a number of other serious diseases.

Mushrooms are inhabitants of forests, occupying a special niche, not belonging to either the animal or plant world. They are related to plants by their inability to move and the possibility of unlimited growth. What brings mushrooms closer to the animal group is the impossibility of processing organic food into inorganic food through photosynthesis. They grow both on the soil surface and on stumps and tree trunks.

A mushroom is a living organism that is a fruiting body that grows from the mycelium of the mycelium. The mycelium consists of white, thin roots called hyphae and can stretch for several kilometers. Its task is to anchor the soil at a shallow depth in order to give life to the fruiting body. The mycelium grows from spores that are carried by the wind or fall to the ground from a rotten, overripe mushroom. But for its development and viability, moisture, heat and air are necessary, and only a small percentage of the billions of scattered spores germinate, for which all the optimal conditions coincide. The spore germinates in a favorable environment and the development of mycelium begins. The mycelium is resistant to frost, drought, and heat, but dies in wetlands where there is no access to air. Mushrooms grow from the mycelium:

• lamellar (russula, mushrooms, chanterelles, milk mushrooms);
• tubular (white, boletus, boletus, boletus).

Mushrooms have firmly occupied their niche in nature and are necessary for:

• consumption by humans and animals;
• for the preparation of medicines;
• for processing and decomposition of organic waste.

Attention!

In order not to destroy the mycelium of the mycelium, you should cut the stem with a knife and sprinkle the remaining stump. Then next year you can collect even more fruiting bodies in this place.

Dependence of the number of mushrooms in the forest on various factors

In order for mushrooms to grow by leaps and bounds, they need:

• warm weather;
• moisture;
• soil acidity;
• illumination

Suitable air temperature is one of the main factors for the rapid growth of mushrooms. In order for the spores to germinate and the fruiting bodies to quickly increase in size, an air temperature of about 18-27 degrees is required. In the spring, when the soil at a depth of 10 cm warms up to +1 degree, the daily air temperature is summed up. When its value approaches 500 degrees, the mycelium of early mushrooms begins to develop intensively. If this moment coincides with the beginning of warm rains, a large harvest is observed. The period of growth and maturation of summer species occurs at a total temperature of about 800 degrees, autumn ones from 1000 to 1200 degrees.

In different years, there are some shifts in the timing of ripening due to temperature fluctuations and the presence or absence of rain at the moment when the mycelium develops. With increasing temperature, the period of development of fruiting bodies decreases, and with decreasing degrees it increases. The amount of precipitation plays a decisive role. Sometimes mushrooms bear fruit in waves, and this happens as many times as it rains. In the absence of rain, the fruiting bodies are dry and small or do not develop at all. But, if after a dry and hot summer at the beginning of autumn the time of warm and heavy rains comes, then the porcini mushroom will be found in forests covered with moss, where even in hot and dry weather the mycelium developed.

Lighting is also one of the factors affecting the growth of mushrooms. With minor fellings of about 15-25%, the illumination and amount of moisture in the soil increases. The yield of fruiting bodies in such places is higher due to improved growing conditions. If clear cuttings occur, the species composition of fungi changes completely. Soil acidity is of little importance for the development of mycelium. In a slightly acidic environment, fruiting bodies develop better, and some species themselves regulate the acidity of the environment.

Attention!

The beginning, duration and end of fruiting are determined by the biological characteristics of various types of mushrooms and the specific weather during this period and even several previous years.

How fast do mushrooms grow?

Mushrooms are fast-growing organisms and 3 days after their appearance they grow to a marketable state and continue to grow for 10 days, increasing in diameter, without making any allowances for day and night. The growth of the cap along the periphery continues even after the end of growth of the stalk. The process occurs due to the fact that the stalk is an fused filament of micelles and serves as a connecting element of the mycelium with the cap. This is a distinctive feature from other representatives of the natural world. The growth rate of mushroom bodies increases significantly after warm, light, prolonged rain or fog.

Fruiting bodies can grow several centimeters per day. The slowest growing category includes the chanterelle, which grows by about 1 cm in 1 day, in contrast to the boletus, which grows 15 cm in 5 days. But we cannot discount the periods of mushroom growth, and as autumn approaches, the growth rate of fruiting bodies decreases:

• the first period begins at the end of May and ends at the end of June;
• the second period begins at the end of July;
• the third period begins with leaf fall.

Boletus appears the fastest after rain. They can be collected the day after heavy summer rains. These mushrooms are very tasty fried and pickled, but they dry out in hot weather and are attacked by worms in rainy weather, so they are collected when they are very tiny. begin active growth in the second half of summer. They grow in sunny forest clearings and love coniferous forests.

The most beloved and delicious mushroom is rightfully called the white one, which begins to be found in late June - early July. But for its growth, air humidity of about 60% is required. If drought occurs, the fruiting body of the mushroom dries up. You need to look for it in the litter under the moss. Porcini mushrooms live for about 12 days, after which the fruiting body ages and spores form. You can go to the forest for them, as well as boletus and aspen boletuses the day after the rain, but for chanterelles no earlier than a week later.

Attention!

The record holders for growth are morels and fungi. Their ability to grow 30 cm in 1 hour is amazing.

Where do mushrooms grow?

Mushrooms like to grow in sparse forests in a little shade, along roadsides, on slopes. They do not like lowlands with standing water. Each fruiting body has chosen its own favorite tree, under which it is most comfortable to grow:

1. Under the beautiful birch, white boletus, boletus, and chanterelles are often found.
2. In the pine forest you can find russula, boletus, boletus, rower, boletus, and boletus.
3. Russulas, milk mushrooms, chanterelles, and moss mushrooms are found under the aspen.
4. Near the oak tree there are oak trees, moss mushrooms, chanterelles, and honey mushrooms.

Dangers

Even an edible mushroom sometimes becomes a cause of poisoning. Therefore, when collecting fruiting bodies, follow simple rules:

1. Do not quietly hunt near highways, railway lines, businesses, cemeteries or burial grounds. The mushroom, like a sponge, absorbs radioactive waste and exhaust gases.
2. Do not pick old rotten mushrooms. The fruiting body undergoes a process of destruction.
3. Collect young, strong mushrooms, inspecting them for worminess.
4. Poisonous (for preparing tinctures and ointments) and edible representatives are not collected together.
5. Follow the rules for preparing canned food to avoid botulism.
6. Do not buy ready-made pickled or salted canned fruiting bodies from strangers in the markets.
7. Do not collect suspicious mushrooms.

Mushrooms in the forest can and should be collected. A walk through the forest on a warm summer or autumn day will bring not only moral satisfaction from clean air, but also the opportunity to taste delicious dishes and make preparations for the winter period. Mushrooms are dried, frozen, salted and pickled; many dishes are prepared with the fruiting bodies. You just need to follow the collection rules and not cut off unfamiliar fruiting bodies.