Allergic diseases can occur in both adults and children. The main reason is a weakened human immune system. The body's protective functions can reduce their properties depending on many factors: hereditary predisposition, unhealthy diet, polluted environment, viral and infectious pathologies. The most common types of reactions at the moment are: food, animal fluff, plant pollen and sunlight. For a quick and effective fight, regardless of the type of allergy, doctors quite often prescribe taking cromones, and we will discuss what it is further.

What are the drugs for?

Cromones have been used for many years to treat allergic reactions. Intended for long-term treatment, their effect appears only after some time. The whole point of how these drugs work is to stop the production of mast cells. In addition, they quickly eliminate the production of histamine and normalize sensitization.

The main feature is its active effect on the receptors of the human body. They help prevent the formation of a reaction and eliminate the inflammatory process. The active substance is cromoglycic acid. Anti-inflammatory drugs from the cromones group are often used to prevent viral diseases. You should not prescribe medications yourself - this will bring more complications.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main feature of cromones for allergies is the ability to quickly prevent the occurrence of allergies when encountering a provoking allergen, but only if the product is used on an ongoing basis or only during seasonal exacerbations.

It is important to know that such drugs should not be taken as an emergency medicine. Another advantage is the almost complete absence of adverse reactions. Cromons have only a few disadvantages:

• the effect begins only after long-term use, at least one week;
• they are prohibited from being taken for the treatment of a child under five or six years of age.

Release forms

Cromones contain sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil. The drugs have different release forms:

• spray;
• gel, ointment;
• syrup;
• aerosols;
• pills;
• solution for intravenous or intramuscular administration.

Nasal allergy spray is the most convenient form of release, designed to quickly eliminate itching, burning, sneezing and allergic rhinitis. In addition, the shape is very convenient to carry even in an ordinary handbag or pocket. The most effective and popular medications in the form are:

1. Nasonex. It has a combined effect and is used for both allergic and viral rhinitis.
2. Avamis. A fast-acting antiallergic drug.
3. Otrivin. Helps quickly relieve swelling and nasal congestion.

Ointments prevent many symptoms of allergies due to the neutralization of large amounts of histamine. The assortment is quite large, but before use you should definitely visit a doctor. The most commonly used antiallergic ointments:

1. Ketoprofen. Produced in the form of ointments and gels, it is used on inflamed areas of the skin.
2. Psilo-balm. Reduces rashes and skin redness.
3. Akriderm. Apply twice a day to the affected area of ​​skin.

Cromones in the form of syrups are in most cases used to treat children. This is because they have a rather pleasant and sweet taste and are easy to use. The most effective antiallergic syrups for adults and children:

1. Erius. It is not addictive and quickly fights allergic coughs and swelling of the respiratory tract.
2. Kestin. Blocks the development of histamine, as a result all signs of the reaction disappear.
3. Claritin. An inexpensive and effective remedy that stops the production of histamine.

The use of aerosols for allergy therapy is a fairly simple and effective method. Help quickly eliminate itching, burning and irritation of the mucous membranes. The best aerosols are:

1. Levocabastine. Used for irritation of the nasal mucosa.
2. Cromohexal. Used for the prevention and treatment of seasonal reactions.
3. Allergodil. Doctors advise taking the remedy for severe nasal congestion and itching.
4. Aldecin. Used for preventive purposes.

Tablets are the most common form of cromones. They are used for any type and occurrence of reaction. The most effective cromon tablets:

• Kestin;
• Ebastine;
• Peritol.

The injection solution is used only in extreme advanced cases, when tablets and sprays cannot cope with the rapid development of an allergic reaction:

• Dexon solution;
• Dexamethasone;
• Triamcinolone;

Indications and contraindications

Cromones should be used in the following cases of allergies:

• bronchitis;
• hay fever;
• conjunctivitis;
• nasal congestion;
• tearing eyes;
• allergic rhinitis;
• regular attacks of bronchial asthma;
• swelling of the mucous membranes and respiratory tract.

Contraindications are:

• period of pregnancy, breastfeeding;
• individual intolerance to components.

Effective drugs

The table shows a list with the names of effective cromones for allergies.

Name	Description
Aerosol Tailed	Used for allergic bronchitis.
Intal	Has anti-inflammatory and antihistamine effects. Significantly reduces signs of inflammation and swelling of the airways. Prevents the occurrence of bronchospasms.
Cromoghlin	An antihistamine quickly eliminates bronchial spasm, rhinitis, itching and skin irritation. Quite effective for food allergies and allergic conjunctivitis.
Ketotifen	It has a pronounced antiallergic effect. For oral use only. Helps cope with allergic urticaria, itching, rash, inflammation of the mucous membranes.
Cromohexal	Antiallergic drug, considered a mast cell regulator. It contains cromoglicic acid disodium salt. This remedy can be taken by children and adults. The instructions show age and dose.
Ketoprofen	It is considered a complex anti-inflammatory drug. In addition, it has antipyretic and antispasmodic properties. Does not have a negative effect on the condition of joint cartilage.
Nedocromil	Antihistamine, eliminates the renewal of mast cells. Actively eliminates the production of histamine. It is used for asthma attacks, Quincke's edema, asthma, and edema of the upper respiratory tract.
Sodium cromoglycate	Produced in many dosage forms. Normalizes the general condition of a person, quickly suppresses the production of histamine and eliminates allergy symptoms.
Zafirlukast	Eliminates increased vascular permeability, swelling of the mucous membrane of the mouth and nose; reduces cellular components of inflammation in the airways. Reduces bronchial hyperactivity and bronchospasm. With prolonged use, it reduces sensitivity to methacholine.

Everyone knows that the cause of allergies and asthma is a reaction of the immune system, in which antibodies located on the surface of mast cells (immune cells) and basophils (blood cells) activate the release of allergy mediators, such as histamine. Mediators dilate blood vessels, increase their permeability, and cause contraction of the bronchi and gastrointestinal tract. As a result, itching, swelling, runny nose, shortness of breath, etc. occur.

Allergy treatment by specialists is comprehensive. Therapy includes not only anti-inflammatory drugs, but also drugs that stabilize mast cell membranes - Cromons. Cromones remain especially in demand in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Cromones are presented in modern therapy ketoprofen, cromoglycic acid preparations - cromoglycate And nedocromil sodium.

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF KRAMONS

The mechanism of action of these drugs is the effect on mast cells. The drugs inhibit the release of histamine from cells, as well as other biological substances involved in the inflammatory process. Due to this, the number of eosinophils in the bronchial mucosa decreases and the degree of bronchial activity decreases.

Cromones inhibit the function of target cells, which leads to the prevention of attacks of bronchial asthma caused by allergens. With proper and regular use of cromones, the frequency of attacks is reduced, the doses and frequency of taking bronchodilators and bronchospastics are reduced, and attacks of suffocation associated with cold exposure and physical activity are less likely to appear.

Ketofifen has an antihistamine effect by blocking H1-histamine receptors.

Sodium cromoglycate helps reduce bronchial hyperactivity and prevents bronchospasm, but does not have bronchodilator properties.

Nedocromil sodium Cromoglycolate is much more effective in suppressing the activity of allergy mediators and releasing them from eosinophils, as well as mast cells.

INDICATIONS FOR USE OF KRAMON

Indications for the use of cromones are undoubtedly bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, hay fever. The drugs do not have the ability to quickly relieve allergy symptoms, but are effective with long-term regular use. Due to its high safety, cromones are successfully used in pediatric practice.

Cromohexal preparations are widely used in ophthalmic practice. For conjunctivitis, eye drops such as lecrolin, high-chrome, cromohexal and cromoglin are effectively used; sprays of the same name are used to treat allergic rhinitis.

To prevent attacks of bronchial asthma, cromoglicic acid preparations are used in the form of inhalation solutions - Intal,Cromolyn, nedocromil sodium in the form of a metered dose inhaler - Tailed.

Sometimes it is advisable to combine treatment with cromones with rapid-acting bronchospastic agents.

In addition, cromones have a pronounced antiviral effect, sodium cromoglycate is able to suppress the growth and development of chlamydia, which causes exacerbations of bronchial asthma.

APPEARANCE OF EFFECT

Basically, the therapeutic effect of using cromones is visible in two weeks from the start of treatment, but experts recommend continuing therapy with these medications for 6-8 weeks. The total duration of treatment is from two to six months.

CONTRAINDICATIONS TO THE USE OF CRAMON

Pregnancy and lactation
. hypersensitivity to drugs

ADVERSE EFFECTS

The unique safety profile allows you to safely take cromones for a long time. They have low absorption through the mucous membranes and do not have a systemic effect. Rarely, undesirable effects such as cough, short-term bronchospasm, nausea, and unpleasant taste in the mouth caused by irritation of the mucous membranes occur.

The use of anti-inflammatory therapy for allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma should always be justified. In mild stages of the disease, cromones are the drugs of choice and replace hormonal therapy. The effectiveness and high safety of these drugs give them an advantage in the treatment of allergic conditions. Glucocorticoids play the role of drugs prescribed for severe and moderate allergies.

Cromones are drugs used in complex therapy in the treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases. Different forms of drug release allow you to have a local effect - where it is necessary: ​​nose, eyes, respiratory tract.

• Ointment, gel.
• Spray.
• Drops.
• Aerosol.
• Pills.
• Syrup.
• Injection.

Used in cases of long-term and complex therapy. They do not have an immediate effect. A noticeable effect is observed no earlier than two weeks from the start of taking the drug. The active substance can relieve inflammation, provide a mild analgesic effect, and prevent the development of an allergic reaction.

Cromones are used as therapeutic and prophylactic drugs for hay fever, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, and inflammation of the joints.

Studies have shown the effectiveness of sodium cromoglycate against respiratory viruses. It is believed that along with anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects, cromones also have an antiviral effect. The mechanism of action on viruses has not been established. It is assumed that the drug, without selective activity, adsorbs viruses of certain sizes.

Operating principle

The principle of action of cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium has not been reliably established. It is believed that the active substance is capable of stabilizing the membranes of mast cells, which are responsible for the occurrence of local inflammation and an allergic response.

Mast cells are present in connective tissue, bone marrow and spleen. They are mainly concentrated under the skin, around blood vessels and lymph nodes. These cells have granules on their surface filled with active substances such as histamine. Active substances, released in the presence of an allergen, change the intercellular space and affect blood vessels and the lymphatic system.

There is a theory that cromones bring mast cells into a stable state. Contact with the allergen does not disturb the protective cell membrane, thus preventing the release of histamine and the development of allergies or inflammation.

Cromones do not have a quick effect. Their effect becomes evident after prolonged use.

Purpose

Most often, these drugs are used in the complex treatment of allergies and inflammation in children and adults. They have been used in medicine for more than 15 years. Recommended by WHO for inclusion in therapy for allergic rhinitis, hay fever and bronchial asthma in children.

Since 2006, Asthma International has removed cromones from the list of drugs used to treat moderate to severe asthma in adults. From now on, the medicine is recommended to be used only as a prophylactic agent and in the complex treatment of mild forms of asthma.

For children and adults with mild allergies, medications are prescribed in the form of nasal sprays, eye drops, aerosols, and tablets. For severe reactions, they are used in the form of injections.

Efficiency

Russian program documents recommend the use of cromones for the treatment of children suffering from stages 1 and 2 of asthma. It has been experimentally established that the use of these drugs can alleviate the course of the disease and reduce the frequency of attacks.

It has been noted that the use of the drug in combination with hormonal therapy in the treatment of severe allergy conditions also has a positive effect.

Clinical studies have shown that delaying the use of hormones in severe asthma leads to destructive changes in the lungs. However, if cromones were used as therapy before taking hormones, no changes in the lungs occurred during the period of their use.

Studies conducted in Japan have revealed a positive effect of cromones on the condition of the lungs in patients with respiratory diseases. It has been proven that cromones can facilitate breathing and prevent bronchospasm during physical activity.

During treatment with cromones, blood counts improve, which demonstrates a decrease in the intensity of inflammatory processes and allergies.

Thus, despite its low activity, cromones have a positive effect.

Safety

The use of cromones in children is justified by the fact that they do not have a systemic effect on the body. Topical preparations, entering the nose, eyes, and respiratory tract, settle on the mucous membrane without being absorbed into the blood. As they accumulate, they eliminate the inflammatory process and are completely eliminated from the body.

This property is especially important since cromones are prescribed for long-term and sometimes permanent use. For hay fever, cromones are administered into the nose 2–4 weeks before symptoms are likely to occur. Then the drug is used throughout the entire flowering period of the allergen plant.

Names

The list of the most used drugs contains the names:

• Ketoprofen. In the form of a gel or ointment, it is applied to the skin over the inflamed joint. Available in the form of tablets and injections. Injections are prescribed to relieve acute symptoms. Not suitable for children.
• Cromohexal. Spray, drops and solution for use in the nose. Indications: allergic rhinitis, hay fever. Not used for children under 5 years of age.
• Ketotifen. Antiallergic drug in the form of tablets and syrup for children over 3 years of age.
• Intal. Aerosol and capsules. Prescribed for asthma and allergies. Suitable for children from 5 years old.
• Cromoghlin. For the prevention and treatment of rhinitis, conjunctivitis that develop due to allergies. Available in the form of eye drops and nasal spray.
• Tailed. Aerosol. Used to treat bronchial asthma.

Convenient forms of medications allow you to choose the best option for treatment. Medicines for topical use: nasal drops, sprays, aerosols are not absorbed through the mucous membrane and are not metabolized. If swallowed, they are completely eliminated from the body.

Cromones have the properties to act for no more than two hours. Treatment requires not only long-term, but also repeated use - 4-6 times a day.

An important point in using cromones is the duration of use and the delayed effect. The drugs can improve your well-being when taken regularly, but do not cure allergies and do not have a long-term effect. When the drug wears off, its effect ends.

Despite their safety, these medications have contraindications and side effects.

The information provided is for informational purposes only. Before treatment with any medications, you should consult your doctor.

Cromones are a group of drugs used in the complex therapy of allergic and inflammatory diseases. These medications come in different forms so they can work exactly where you need them. Due to its high effectiveness and relative harmlessness, cromones are used quite often for allergies. In our article we will look at the features of these drugs, the principle of their action, as well as the nuances of use in the treatment of childhood allergies.

What are cromones?

Cromones are medicines that use sodium nedocromylate or sodium cromoglycate as the main component. These medicines are available in the form:

• drops (eye or nose);
• gel and ointment;
• nasal spray;
• aerosols;
• inhalation solutions;
• tablets;
• syrup;
• rectal suppositories;
• solutions for injections.

All drugs based on cromoglycic acid are used in complex therapy of allergic diseases and do not give an immediate effect. Usually a fairly long course of treatment is required, and the first effect of using the medication may appear only a couple of weeks after the start of treatment. These drugs have the following effects on the body:

• relieve pain;
• relieve inflammation;
• eliminate manifestations of allergies.

Cromones are prescribed for the treatment and prevention of the following allergic diseases:

• hay fever;
• year-round and seasonal allergic rhinitis;
• joint inflammation;
• bronchial asthma.

In the course of research, it became known that a product based on sodium cromoglycate can treat viral respiratory diseases. The mechanism of the antiviral effect of the drug has not yet been established, but it is believed that it adsorbs viruses of a certain size without having selective activity.

List of benefits for allergies:

1. Cromohexal is available as a nasal spray, eye drops and inhalation solution. Drops are not used to treat children under two years of age, and the spray is prescribed for children aged five years and older.
2. Ketoprofen is available for sale in the form of ointment and gel, tablets and injections. The ointment is applied to inflamed joints, and injections are used to relieve acute conditions. This medicine is not intended for use in children.
3. Ketotifen is an antiallergic drug in the form of syrup and tablets. Suitable for children from three years old.
4. Cromoglin is used for the treatment and prevention of allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis. There are two dosage forms of the drug: eye drops and nasal spray.
5. Intal is available in the form of an aerosol and capsules. The drug is prescribed for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, as well as bronchial asthma. Suitable for children from five years old.
6. Aerosol Tayled is prescribed for the treatment of allergic forms of bronchial asthma.

Each of the drugs has side effects, so you should not self-medicate. Since the incidence of adverse reactions when using cromones is low, these drugs are successfully used to treat allergies in children, but the medicine should be given to a child only as prescribed by a pediatrician.

Operating principle

The mechanism of action of cromones has not yet been fully studied. They are thought to affect mast cell production. In addition, they block not only histamine itself, but also the release of this substance. The tablets allow you to achieve stability of the membranes of mast cells, which are responsible for allergic and inflammatory reactions in the body.

Mast cells are found in the bone marrow, connective tissues and spleen. Most often they concentrate near the lymph nodes, around blood vessels and under the skin. On the surface of mast cells are granules filled with histamine. It, like other active substances, is released if allergens are present in the body, and changes the intercellular space, effects on the lymphatic system and blood vessels.

Due to the effects of cromones, mast cells enter a stable state and do not release histamine upon contact with an allergen. This is due to the fact that the protective cell membrane is no longer disturbed. Since histamine is not released into the body, there is no inflammation or allergies.

Important! Since the human body becomes accustomed to the components of the drug gradually, the effect of cromones appears only after their long-term and regular use.

Cromones in the treatment of childhood allergies

WHO and the Russian Ministry of Health recommend the use of cromones for the treatment of stage 1 and 2 asthma in children. While taking these medications, the frequency of attacks is reduced and the course of the disease is alleviated. In addition, it has been proven that the combination of cromones and hormonal therapy has a positive effect in particularly severe allergic diseases.

In the course of research, it was noticed that if hormones were not used to treat severe asthma, destructive changes in the lungs were observed. However, if children were treated with cromones before using hormones, then such patients did not experience destructive changes in the lung tissue.

Other positive aspects of using cromones in children include the following:

1. In patients with respiratory tract diseases, during therapy with cromones, the condition of the lungs improved, breathing became easier, and the likelihood of bronchospasm during exercise decreased.
2. During therapy with cromones, patients' blood counts improve. This is associated with a decrease in the intensity of allergic reactions and manifestations of the inflammatory process.
3. The lack of systemic effects on the human body allows these medications to be used to treat children.
4. When used topically, cromones do not penetrate the bloodstream and completely eliminate the inflammatory process.

With the use of cromones, even upon contact with an allergen, the body does not experience a negative reaction. Thanks to the use of these drugs, it is possible to reduce the frequency of asthma attacks and the need to use bronchodilators. Cromones can be safely called the best medicines that, in complex therapy, can eliminate the manifestations of an allergic disease and prevent the occurrence of a recurrent attack.

The safest allergy medications

Acrivastine trade names - Semprex, Benadryl, sold by prescription only Cetrizine trade names - Zirtec, Zyrtec, sold without a prescription Desloratadine trade name - Neoclarityn, sold by prescription only Fexofenadine trade names - Telfast 120, Telfast 180, Allegra, sold by prescription only Loratadine trade names - Clarityn, Clarityne, Claritin, sold without a prescription Mizolastine trade names - Mizollen, Mistamine, sold by prescription only All these drugs are considered the safest, although they differ in duration of action, degree of effectiveness, and intensity of sedation. Antihistamine nasal sprays and eye drops Runny nose, congestion, watery, red eyes are the most common allergy symptoms Allergy symptoms spring survival guide. Special antihistamines are designed to combat such symptoms. Antihistamines: how to neutralize the negative effects of histamine? – nasal sprays and eye drops. Antihistamine nasal sprays may not be as effective as steroid sprays, but for some people steroids of any kind are contraindicated, and antihistamine nasal sprays may be an excellent alternative. Antihistamine eye drops are much safer than steroid drops, which can cause a number of serious side effects. The effectiveness of antihistamine eye drops Eye drops - how to use them correctly? quite comparable to the effectiveness of so-called “anti-allergenic” eye drops.

Seemingly healthy people carry pills for allergies in their purses or cases, a disease that accompanies technological progress. Typically, this disease occurs due to the body’s high sensitivity to any drugs, plants, animal hair, food. It is accompanied by various symptoms, such as a runny nose, a rash on the face, itching in the armpits, redness on the skin and much more. Before taking anti-allergy medications, you need to exclude from your diet those foods that have allergenic properties: citrus fruits, coffee, candy, wheat bread, milk, and eggs.

It is not advisable to eat red fruits and vegetables. Do not pick up pets, do wet cleaning and showering more often, and wash clothes. If you are allergic to flowering plants, you should reduce your exposure to the street, in potentially dangerous places. But an allergic reaction can be so strong that it can directly threaten health and even life. In such cases, you cannot do without pharmaceuticals. With them it is more effective to escape from allergies. The pills do not cure the disease itself, but help cope with its symptoms. Medicines are divided into three main types: antihistamines, cromones and corticosteroid hormones. The most common allergy tablets of the antihistamine group are Suprastin - a first-generation drug. It is prescribed 1 tablet 2-4 times a day; it can be used by children from 1 month of age. The dose and duration of medication is determined by the doctor strictly individually.

All antihistamines, especially the first generation, have side effects such as drowsiness, decreased performance, slower reactions, and decreased attention. They should be taken with caution by people whose professional activities require increased attention and concentration. However, allergy pills of the antihistamine group are the most commonly used group, since they quickly relieve intolerance to various types of allergens. Second generation antihistamines are less burdened with side effects.

Claritin leads in the number of prescriptions; it is rightfully called number one in the treatment of allergies. The undoubted advantage of the drug is its ability to comprehensively solve allergy problems. In addition to the blocking effect, Claritin has therapeutic potential in the treatment of a number of associated factors. It relieves swelling and constricts the vessels of the nasal mucosa, preventing the occurrence of bronchospasm.

This allows patients not to be prescribed additional medications. Within half an hour after using the drug, patients feel stable relief, which persists throughout the day. Cromones are used as prophylactic and anti-inflammatory drugs. They are recommended to be taken 15 minutes before possible contact with the allergen. During the flowering period of plants, preparations of the cromones group should be drunk before going outside. Corticosteroid hormones are the most controversial ointments and allergy pills.

These types of drugs are prescribed only in severe cases when allergies accompany fungal and bacterial diseases. Natalie, if you have an allergic reaction to the drug, it is impossible to prevent it, because this is a property of your body. The problem is what anesthetics dentists will be able to use, whether they will be able to find a drug to which you do not have a reaction, because, if you believe the tests, you have a reaction, the safest drugs. You may need to think about treatment under general anesthesia or recheck the tests. Allergies spare no one. In the form of side effects. l. dandelion roots 3 tbsp. Both adults and children can be affected by this disease. Regardless of age, social status and type of occupation, people suffer from runny nose, cough, skin rashes caused by spring blooms, animal hair, food or other factors. You can get rid of adversity. There are also a number of contraindications. For example, antihistamines for allergies are very effective, which are divided into generations I, II and III.

They act as anticholinergic drugs, that is, they are able to break the connection between neurotransmitters and prevent the transmission of impulses to parts of the nervous system. These are good allergy medications, the price is relatively affordable, the effect of the drug lasts about 8 hours, after which you need to take the next dose. The fat-soluble property of first-generation antihistamine tablets only enhances the sedative effect and gives them the ability to overcome the protective barriers of gray matter. Despite this, the drugs are not recommended for all patients. They strengthen their membranes, thereby providing immune protection. The drug prevents the development of an attack and facilitates its course. At the same time, you should pay attention to their tolerance in the past.

Food intolerance. Food allergy Medunitsyna Ekaterina Allergy and pseudo-allergy

Food intolerance. Food allergies

Allergy and pseudo-allergy

Reactions to eating foods - tomatoes, chocolate, fish, oranges and many others - often occur, especially in children. In this case, the most common concern is skin symptoms - various types of rashes, which are usually accompanied by itching and redness of the skin. Nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, swelling and a variety of other symptoms may occur. Such reactions are usually called food allergies. However, allergy is a very narrow concept, which refers only to those reactions that occur with the participation of the immune system. In other cases, other types of food intolerance are mistaken for true food allergies. It was revealed that true allergic reactions to food products are observed in only 15% of patients with a referral diagnosis of food intolerance! Due to the similarity of symptoms, it is very difficult to distinguish an allergy from a so-called pseudo-allergy on your own (without medical help).

The cause of a true allergic reaction is often food products of a protein nature - fish, crustaceans, chicken eggs, milk, meat, cereals, nuts, some fruits and berries. People with pollen allergies often have what is called cross-allergy to food. For example, an allergy to tree pollen can also be combined with an allergy to apples, carrots, nuts, parsley, etc. an allergy to weed pollen can also be combined with an allergy to melon, sunflower products (halva), etc. If there is a high degree of sensitivity, symptoms may appear quickly and be pronounced. Most often, such reactions occur when consuming foods such as fish, nuts, and eggs. Clinical manifestations may include itching, burning in the mouth, vomiting, diarrhea, urticaria, swelling, exacerbation of dermatitis, and in very rare cases, anaphylactic shock.

Pseudo-allergic reactions (similar to, but not related to, allergies) occur when consuming foods rich in substances that cause an inflammatory reaction (for example, histamine), as well as in the presence of gastrointestinal, neuro-endocrine and other diseases in which food is not broken down properly or other factors appear that contribute to the release of histamine from cells.

It is also necessary to remember that food intolerance can be caused not by the product itself, but by the dyes, preservatives (acetylsalicylic acid), etc. included in its composition.

In some cases, intolerance to a particular product may be caused by a deficiency of a digestive enzyme. For example, with a lack of sucrase and lactase, cow's milk intolerance may occur; the lack of enzymes capable of digesting gluten (the protein contained in wheat, rice and other grains) leads to celiac disease. The main symptom in such cases is persistent diarrhea. This form of food intolerance is called enzymopathy and is also not a true allergy.

Risk factors for the development of both food allergies and other forms of food intolerance are diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver and gall bladder, which create conditions for the absorption of intermediate products of food breakdown. The development of a true allergic reaction to a food product is facilitated by the presence of other allergic diseases: bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, etc.

Examination and treatment of food intolerance is best carried out in a specialized allergy hospital. When making a diagnosis, a food diary can be of great help, indicating the date, time of food intake, a list of foods consumed and their quantity, time and severity of symptoms. You can also detect the culprit product using an elimination diet with the exclusion of a particular product from the diet and subsequent assessment of the condition over time. A true allergic reaction can be detected by conducting provocative skin and sublingual tests (under the supervision of a medical specialist), as well as by determining specific antibodies in the blood serum.

Treatment of food intolerance largely depends on its type and the factors that trigger the reaction. However, regardless of the type of intolerance, it is recommended to exclude the culprit or suspected culprit product from the diet, as well as the use of antihistamines as symptomatic therapy during an exacerbation. Further treatment tactics depend on the results of a general clinical and allergological examination.

Allergy medications

Today, many people on our planet suffer from allergies. “Pharmacy Medica” offers scarce European allergy medications that will help cope with the disease. It is impossible to cure it, but long-term remission can be achieved. For this purpose, medications are used, divided into the following groups:

• antihistamines;
• Cromons;
• corticotropic hormones.

Antihistamines

These medications can block the receptors responsible for the response to histamine. They are recommended as a preventive measure and help alleviate existing symptoms. The following types are distinguished:

1. First generation. They are distinguished by the onset of a rapid but short-term effect and have many side effects.
2. Second generation. They act only on histamine receptors and last for 2 days.
3. 3rd generation drugs help stabilize the mast cell membrane, have an antiallergic effect, and do not have a sedative effect.

Cromones and hormonal drugs

To obtain the desired result when consuming cromones, a long course of treatment will be required. When used correctly, the number of attacks decreases. The drugs have an anti-inflammatory effect and are also a prophylactic agent containing cromoglycate or nedocromil.

Adrenal hormones have an anti-inflammatory effect, also in relation to allergic inflammation. The drugs act quickly, but have a lot of side effects. They should be used only in severe cases.

You can order rare allergy medications right now: to do this, you need to fill out an application on the website or contact us at the phone number indicated on the contact page. Only original drugs from European manufacturers are always on sale.

* WEIGHTED AVERAGE PRICES ARE DISPLAYED ACCORDING TO MONITORING OF OUR RESERVATION SERVICE

Sources: No comments yet!

lechenieallergii.ru

Antihistamines

The main remedies for allergic diseases are antihistamines. These medications block the release of histamine, which is why they are called that. It is the release of histamine that is responsible for the manifestation of symptoms in response to the introduction of allergens into the body.

All antihistamines are usually divided by generation. Nowadays, the most modern drugs are the third generation. These include Telfast, Erius. These medications block the H1-histamine sensors, which stops allergy symptoms.

The advantages of third-generation drugs are that they are harmless to the liver and lack a sedative effect; in other words, the nervous system works normally after taking Erius or Telfast.

Second generation allergy medications work well, for example: Claritin, Kestin, Cetrin, Zyrtec. These drugs also do not have a sedative effect.

Kestin is a very “successful” product, because taking it for five days causes an accumulation effect, so every 5 days you can take a break for two days. In addition, Kestin is one of the few drugs whose treatment does not prohibit alcohol intake.

Typically, second and third generation antihistamines are taken every day; the effect of these pharmaceuticals begins half an hour to an hour after administration. The most significant drawback of second-generation antihistamines is the toxic effect on the liver.

As for the first generation antihistamines (Suprastin, Tavegil, Fenkarol, Pipolfen), apart from the negative effect on the liver, they also have a noticeable sedative effect. It is expressed in slower reactions and drowsiness. For this reason, such drugs should not be taken by drivers or people whose activities require rapid reactions and clear actions.

Antiallergic medications are available in the form of tablets, drops for oral administration, and nasal sprays. Typically, adults are prescribed anti-allergy tablets, and oral drops are usually prescribed for children.

Corticosteroids for allergies

Steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (corticosteroids) are hormonal products that act rapidly and effectively, reducing inflammation and swelling. Hormonal drugs for the treatment of allergic diseases are topical medications, eye or ear drops, nasal drops, nasal sprays, ointments for the treatment of skin manifestations of allergies.

Under no circumstances should you self-medicate with corticosteroids. These drugs are not bad when critical measures are needed, they cannot be used for continuous use because the side effects can be very serious. Many drugs for treating allergies (for example, Sofradex eye drops, nasobek nasal spray) contain small doses of hormones that are practically not absorbed into the blood. but still, treatment with such products should be prescribed by a doctor.

Cromones for allergies

A group of mast cell stabilizers (cromones) act directly on mast cells that produce histamine. Under the influence of stabilizers, these cells seem to calm down and stop producing histamine.

Representatives of this group of pharmaceuticals are nedocromil and cromoglycate. They are used for various allergic reactions; a positive result is also achieved in bronchial asthma, but the effect does not occur immediately, but after a course of treatment.

Allergen-specific products

The goal of treatment with allergen-specific drugs is to reduce the body's sensitivity to allergens. The specific allergen to which a particular person is hypersensitive is injected into the bloodstream. Doses of the allergen are small so as not to cause a pronounced reaction. They increase evenly, the body gets used to the allergen and stops reacting to it or reacts much less.

Perhaps one could say that this is the best medicine for allergies, if not for the long period of treatment (from one to two years). Still, allergen-specific therapy is really a treatment, while the use of other means is only getting rid of the symptoms of the disease.

Traditional medicines for allergies

Treatment of allergies with folk remedies is designed to relieve the discomfort experienced by an allergy sufferer and reduce the symptoms of the disease.

The main folk remedies for allergies are decoctions of herbs and their preparations. When taking preparations, you must first make sure that they do not contain any components that cause a reaction in the patient.

• A decoction of viburnum bark will help with allergic rhinitis. You need to pour two tablespoons of crushed viburnum bark into a glass of boiling water, heat over low heat for 30 minutes, and let it brew for the same amount of time. The broth is filtered, mixed a little with water and taken twice a day after meals, half a glass.

• Treatment with nettle will help with acquired allergic rhinitis. Dried nettle is brewed as tea and taken 200 ml. two to three times a day before meals. The course of treatment lasts two weeks
• Eggshells are considered one of the most effective allergy remedies. For treatment, take powder from the shell, add a drop of lemon juice to a small (on the tip of a knife) pinch of shell powder and take it after meals.

There are many remedies for treating allergies, but the treatment must be prescribed by a doctor. Typically, the treatment of allergic diseases includes not only pharmaceutical drugs, diet, and lifestyle adjustments that are designed to reduce contact with allergens.

allerganesth.org

Antihistamine tablets for allergies

All experts note the high effectiveness of antihistamines. It is histamine that is the substance that provokes allergic reactions and swelling of the mucous membranes. Antihistamines are aimed at neutralizing histamine, or creating a barrier to its release from mast cells. The list of such tablets is quite extensive. There are three generations of them. The latest generation has a minimal number of contraindications. Also, such drugs have virtually no side effects.

As a rule, they are prescribed by doctors for any type of allergy. Many of the tablets very quickly relieve symptoms and manifestations of the disease. And with prolonged use, the disease almost completely recedes. Among the first generation antihistamines, the following can be noted:

Second-generation antihistamines for allergies have certain advantages. Thus, effects on the functioning of the central nervous system are extremely rare. Therefore, activity and mental activity do not decrease. It is worth noting that the positive effect of using such tablets is observed throughout the day. Because of this, it will be enough to take just one tablet a day.

These drugs do not cause addiction to the body. This fact is quite important for seasonal and year-round allergies. After all, you can resort to their help for a long period of time. But, there are also disadvantages. Thus, the second generation has a detrimental effect on the functioning of the heart. When using them, it is important to be observed by a specialist to avoid serious complications. These are not recommended for older people.

The second generation of antihistamine tablets for allergies is represented by the following drugs:

• Loratadine;
• Cetrin;
• Ebastine;
• Clarisens;
• Lomilan;
• Rupafin;
• Kestin.

Modern medicine gives preference to third-generation allergy drugs, the list of which is considerable. When they enter the body of a sick person, they very quickly begin to enter into reactions and metabolic processes. Any of these drugs does not have any contraindications for sedative or cardiotoxic effects. Because of this, tablets can be used by people whose activities involve a high concentration of attention - drivers, students, teachers, engineers. The following third generation antihistamine tablets are very popular:

Cromones for allergies

Cromones are called allergy pills that are aimed at stabilizing mast cells. The positive effect of using such tablets will be observed only with long-term use. It is worth noting that many allergists prefer these tablets, since their composition has absolutely no adverse reactions. This completely blocks the production of histamine.

Also, cromones have shown high effectiveness in preventing the development of swelling of the mucous membranes and other allergic reactions. Therefore, they are often recommended for preventive purposes. From the name it becomes clear that the main active ingredient is cromoglycic acid. Because of their safety, pediatricians recommend using them in the treatment of allergies in children of different ages.

These antiallergic drugs are produced not only in tablets, but also in the following forms:

• Gels;
• Aerosols;
• Nasal drops and sprays;
• Eye drops.

Cromones provide active resistance to allergen cells, making an allergic reaction of the human body impossible. The tablets also alleviate the general condition of the patient. It is important to mention that it is cromones that reduce, and over time completely eliminate, attacks of coughing, shortness of breath and manifestations of bronchial asthma. Sometimes they are used for complex treatment of allergies, along with the use of antihistamine tablets.

Such allergy pills are quickly absorbed through the mucous membranes of the body. It is worth noting that systemic effects from their use are not observed. In case of allergies, cromones are prescribed only by a doctor. Self-treatment is strictly contraindicated. At the initial stage of development of the disease, this group of drugs is actively used instead of various hormonal-based drugs. After all, scientists have proven that cromones can replace glucocorticosteroids for allergies. The following have proven themselves well and are included in this list:

• Nalkrom;
• Ketoprofen;
• Cromohexal;
• Intal;
• Cromolyn;
• Ketotifen;
• Tailed.

Hormonal and homeopathic medications for allergies

Hormone-based allergy medications can be classified as third generation. These antiallergic drugs contain some compounds that can have a systemic effect on the body. The use of hormonal drugs is extremely rare. Only in the case when a positive result from the use of other tablets is not observed. Hormonal therapy for allergies can be carried out in different forms of drug release:

• Pills;
• Gels;
• Creams and ointments;
• Sprays;
• Drops;
• Injections.

Their long-term use is prohibited. The fact is that they are addictive. Among the complications from excessive consumption of hormonal allergy medications, stomach ulcers are common. Also, such tablets and ointments contribute to a significant reduction in the body’s protective functions, just like antibiotics. Therefore, it is impossible to completely overcome allergies if the doctor’s instructions are not followed. An increase in blood pressure is often observed during treatment with hormonal allergy medications.

The course of allergy treatment with such drugs is no more than five days. Ointments and creams are sometimes prescribed for children. Allergy pills are contraindicated at a young age. But, a positive result from their use occurs almost immediately. That is why experts attribute them to periods of exacerbation, or the initial manifestation of allergies. The list of tablets is small. The following ones deserve attention:

• Ultralan;
• Prednisolone;
• Hydrocortisone.

When treating allergies, homeopathic remedies also deserve attention. They have no contraindications or adverse reactions. They are prescribed to newborns and pregnant women. The period of breastfeeding is also not prohibited from use. Homeopathic therapy has many advantages over other methods of therapy. So, they are not addictive. There is no need to gradually increase dosages. It is very important that when undergoing a course of homeopathic therapy, the body is able to independently produce antibodies to certain types of allergens. Such products are available in the form of drops, sprays and ointments.

Consequences of the disease.

Allergies are not something to joke about; they can have quite serious consequences, causing both mild manifestations of conjunctivitis or rhinitis, and (with the progression of the allergic process) the development of seasonal pollen bronchial asthma, which has several stages of progression - mild, moderate and severe. If the allergic process is left to chance, left uncontrolled, and many patients usually do this, a more serious reaction may occur in the form of bronchospasm, otherwise bronchial asthma.

Torment from mid-spring until the end of summer.

Seasonal allergic reactions can occur in people suffering from tree pollen anywhere from mid-April to late May, early June, early summer to mid-July; then asteraceous herbs take over the baton - from mid-July until almost the first snow. This periodical is connected with the fact that the dusting of various plants has strictly defined periods. The concentration of allergens in the air does not depend on the time of day. The flowering period itself is important, for example, the most active period of dusting of birch - the most allergenic tree - is the end of May, then the number of pollen grains per cubic meter decreases, but pollen is still present in the air.

Where is the best place to live for allergy sufferers?

The concentration of pollen depends on the vegetation that predominates in a particular area. If you suffer from seasonal allergies and live near a forested area with a predominance of deciduous trees, especially birch, you will be much less likely to tolerate the dusty period than, say, in an area with coniferous trees.

"Harmful" trees.

The first place among allergenic, “harmful” trees is occupied by birch, followed by alder, hazel, maple, and ash. The notorious poplar, which is blamed for everything and everyone, turns out, as such, does not cause allergies at all; in any case, during my practical work, I have not met patients with an allergy to poplar. In fact, during the ripening of its puffs, which is the beginning of summer, the flowering period of cereal grasses begins. These puffs collect the remaining pollen from trees and pollen of cereal grasses, carrying out their mechanical transfer. It is pollen that is the true culprit of allergies.

“Support group” for allergy sufferers.

Drugs used to treat seasonal allergies can be divided into several groups.
Antihistamines, antiallergic drugs, which can be used either topically (drops, sprays) or taken in tablet form (systemic administration of antihistamines). Nowadays, there are many antiallergic drugs on the pharmaceutical market, so choosing a drug requires the doctor to have in-depth knowledge of their characteristics and possibilities of use. When prescribing treatment, the doctor must pay attention not only to the effectiveness of the drug, but also to the possibility of side effects. The second group of drugs are the so-called “kramons”; these drugs suppress allergic inflammation or the “allergic cascade”. These are usually sprays, nasal or eye drops.
The third group is glucocorticosteroid drugs with local and systemic effects. Systemic drugs are tableted hormonal drugs that need to be taken if other therapy is ineffective. Local (topical) steroids are usually nasal sprays or eye drops, the former are more often used.
Sorbents that help remove allergens entering the body through the mucous membrane and gastrointestinal tract (Lactrofiltrum, Entoras-gel, activated carbon) have a great effect in complex therapy. Perhaps these are the most important groups of drugs that are used to treat seasonal allergies.
Another method that can help those suffering from seasonal allergies is plasmapheresis. You can read more about this technique and the effectiveness of its use for hay fever here.

Specific immunotherapy will allow you to forget about allergies for a long time.

Specific immunotherapy is another treatment method that produces protective antibodies. It is usually carried out outside the dusting season with allergens that have been identified in Russia. One course of treatment with specific immunotherapy includes 35 to 40 injections. Such treatment is usually carried out until the age of 50; after this age barrier, the immune system response is considered ineffective. Specific immunotherapy can be carried out annually if after the first course of treatment there was no desired effect. If there is a good effect and in the next dusting season there are only minor symptoms of hay fever, then you can take a break for a long time, and then, if the symptoms intensify, return to this course again.

Are aerosols a matter of habit?

Aerosols that are used for seasonal allergies vary. Let's say that aerosols containing kramones that block the allergic cascade can be used as much as needed. In this case, there is no addiction, there is no danger of overdose, they can be used for a long time. But the use of topical steroids will depend on the specific situation. For seasonal allergic rhinitis, it makes sense to start using these drugs ten days before the start of the expected dusting, the entire dusting period and another ten days after the end. There are cases when such drugs are used even for more than a year, but I believe that there is no urgent need for this.

Factors influencing allergies

Meteorological factors have a significant impact on the condition of allergy sufferers during the flowering period of plants, trees, and grasses. During rainy weather, pollen is washed down and its concentration in the air is significantly reduced. Windy, dry weather contributes to long-term maintenance of high pollen concentrations.
The pollen concentration indoors is lower than outdoors, so allergy sufferers feel much better indoors. But if a person uses, say, a personal car and drives with the windows open or, for example, opens the windows indoors, then the pollen concentration outdoors and indoors may be identical, and the person will feel bad in any case, regardless of where he is in.

What else can help those suffering from seasonal allergies?

Recommendations for people suffering from seasonal hay fever are not limited to therapeutic measures and symptomatic therapy. The climate is important: if a person leaves for a region where dusting has already ended, he will calmly survive this period, returning back only when it is over. You can try to reduce your exposure to allergens by installing air purifiers, cleaning carpets every day, and maintaining a certain humidity in the apartment, but this often turns out to be ineffective or requires excessive physical and material costs. During the flowering period, you can wear a cotton-gauze bandage, especially when working in summer cottages. Keep doors and windows closed and install a special air intake on the window with an anti-allergen filter. Get rid of carpets. Start taking preventive medications a few weeks before the plants start flowering.
Remember that no two people are alike. Your doctor can determine what your allergens are and how best to treat your allergies. By telling your doctor detailed information about your lifestyle and habits, you will help him more accurately identify the problem and give you advice on how to relieve your allergies.

Ointments

Non-hormonal agents

• Panthenol-containing (bipanthen, D-panthenol, Pantoderm)
• Lanolin-containing creams, as well as lanolin in its pure form, are used to soften the skin and reduce pain
• Retinol-containing (Radevit, Videstim)
• Antihistamine ointments (fenistil, elidel)

Hormonal agents

• Flucinar (relieves inflammation and urticaria)
• Hydrocortisone ointment (eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis)
• Advantan (a new generation drug for allergic dermatitis)
• Elokom

Combination drugs

Drops

• Sanorin-analergin (nasal drops). This drug contains two active components: one of them has an antiallergic effect, the other has a vasoconstrictor effect, reduces swelling and redness. For adults, 2-3 drops in each nostril are enough, for children - 1-2 drops. You can use drops 3-4 times a day, but not longer than a week - otherwise the vasoconstrictor effect will decrease and depletion of the mucous membrane will begin.
• Vibrocil (spray, drops and gel). This drug is suitable even for infants - for children under 6 years old it is recommended to use drops. First you need to clean the baby's nose, then drop a drop into each nostril. For adults, the single dose is 3-4 times higher - 4 instillations can be administered throughout the day. Spray - just a couple of sprays in each nasal passage. The gel is used in cases where the nasal mucosa is dry. The gel is convenient to use at night to prevent your nose from getting stuffy during sleep. You can use the drug for two weeks, but people with diseases of the heart, blood vessels and thyroid gland, hypertension, glaucoma, as well as pregnant women should consult a doctor. Vibrocil does not affect lactation.
• Allergodil (nasal spray). Not recommended for children under 6 years of age, pregnant or breastfeeding women.
• Cromohexal, cromoglin, cromosol. Aerosols for the nose. Use 3 to 6 times a day. The medicine may cause slight irritation of the nasal mucosa (temporary effect).

• Akrivastine (trade names - Semprex, Benadryl)
• Cetrizine (trade names - Zirtec, Zyrtec)
• Desloratadine (trade name: Neoclarityn)
• Fexofenadine (trade names - Telfast 120, Telfast)
• Mizolastine (trade names - Mizollen, Mistamine)

Nasal steroids:

Inhaled steroids:

Used to treat asthma:

Eye drops:

Oral steroids:

Pills

The simplest drugs in the group also include:

The latest generation of antihistamines include:

Cromones (cromoglycate)

Corticosteroid hormones.

There is still no universal therapeutic program for the treatment of allergic diseases. But increasingly, patients are prescribed cromones for preventive purposes and in complex therapy.

About the indications for this group of drugs, release forms and conditions for their effectiveness.

Operating principle

According to the World Health Organization, allergic diseases affect 30% of the population, and according to forecasts, by 2030 this group of pathologies will lead to a real pandemic, where every second person will become ill. Experts note that not only the frequency but also the complexity of this disease increases every year.

The complex therapy program used by modern allergology includes a number of pharmacological drugs: immunostimulants, antihistamines, hormone-containing (corticosteroid) agents, adsorbents.

In the last two decades, one of the latest developments in the pharmaceutical industry has become widely used and has given good results - drugs from the cromones group, substances that stabilize the activity of mast cells. These structures are responsible for local inflammation and allergic response. Cromones keep them in an inactive state, inhibit the production of histamine and stop the inflammatory reaction. They not only stop the allergic reaction, but also alleviate the patient’s general condition.

Application of dosage forms

The basis of pharmaceutical products from the cromon group is represented by three active ingredients:

• Nedocromil sodium.
• Sodium cromoglycate.
• Ketotifen fumarate.

Medicines are produced in the form of external forms (ointments, gels), sprays and aerosols, tablets, drops, syrups, injection solutions.

Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs based on preventing the release of histamine:

1. Anti-inflammatory, moderate analgesic effect.
2. Elimination of bronchospasm.
3. Blocking the allergic reaction process.
4. Antiviral effect (due to the absorption of a certain type of virus).

Medicines from the cromones group are indicated in general practice and pediatrics. They are included in the complex therapy program for allergic and bronchial reactions.

For the purpose of prevention, the drug group is prescribed to patients with hay fever, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, and inflammation of the joints.

List

Cromona preparations have a number of features. According to their pharmacodynamic properties, they have delayed effectiveness, so they must be prescribed and used for a long time. The drug group is completely devoid of cumulative abilities (cannot accumulate in the body), and with withdrawal its effect completely ceases.

After administration, nedocromil, sodium cromoglycate, and ketotifen fumarate act for about two hours, so they require repeated use of the medication throughout the day.

Ketotifen (synonyms Astafen, Ketotizin, Totifen, Zasten)

Main active ingredient: ketotifen fumarate.

In addition to antianaphylactic, it has a moderate sedative (calming) effect.

Available in syrup and eye drops.

Indications:

• Prevention of an attack of bronchial asthma.
• Bronchitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dermatosis of an allergic nature.
• Asthmatic complications of hay fever.

Tailed Mint

Active ingredient: nedocromil sodium.

Available in the form of a dosed aerosol (fine powder) for inhalation.

One dose contains 2 mg of active ingredient.

Indications:

• Bronchial asthma.
• Asthmatic bronchitis.
• Rhinitis, dermatosis of allergic nature.

Cromoghlin

Active ingredient: sodium cromoglycate.

Available as a nasal spray in a 15 ml bottle.

The drug is indicated for treatment and preventive purposes for patients with seasonal (year-round) rhinitis in children and adults.

Intal

Active ingredient: sodium cromoglycate.

Available in solutions for inhalation, where each dose contains 5 mg of the active ingredient.

Indicated for the prevention of early and late asthmatic reactions in children and adults.

Cromohexal

Available in the form of nasal sprays (2%) and eye drops (2%) with the active ingredient disodium cromoglycic acid.

The drugs are indicated for hay fever, seasonal or year-round rhinitis, and conjunctivitis.

Criterias of choice

The Cromon group is one of the latest developments in the pharmaceutical industry. Medicines have a fairly high degree of safety:

• Not absorbed.
• Do not enter the bloodstream.
• They do not act systemically on the body.

But despite this, each of them is suitable for a certain category of patients. The choice of drug depends on age, constitutional features, severity of the underlying disease, concomitant pathologies, level of drug dependence, existing cases of adverse reactions, allergic manifestations of other localizations, laboratory and clinical situation and other physiological conditions (pregnancy, lactation, adolescence).

For example, cromones for allergies are contraindicated in children under 2 years of age, pregnant women in the 3rd trimester, patients with individual sensitivity to the components of the drugs, severe damage to the liver and kidneys.

Allergy is a systemic pathology, and the approach to treatment must be comprehensive. Only the right combination of agents will achieve the maximum therapeutic effect.

It is beyond the power of the patient and the pharmacist to make the necessary and optimal choice of drug. This can only be done by specialists: an immunologist or an allergist.

Cromones are a group of drugs used in the complex therapy of allergic and inflammatory diseases. These medications come in different forms so they can work exactly where you need them. Due to its high effectiveness and relative harmlessness, cromones are used quite often for allergies. In our article we will look at the features of these drugs, the principle of their action, as well as the nuances of use in the treatment of childhood allergies.

What are cromones?

Cromones are medicines that use sodium nedocromylate or sodium cromoglycate as the main component. These medicines are available in the form:

• drops (eye or nose);
• gel and ointment;
• nasal spray;
• aerosols;
• inhalation solutions;
• tablets;
• syrup;
• rectal suppositories;
• solutions for injections.

All drugs based on cromoglycic acid are used in complex therapy of allergic diseases and do not give an immediate effect. Usually a fairly long course of treatment is required, and the first effect of using the medication may appear only a couple of weeks after the start of treatment. These drugs have the following effects on the body:

• relieve pain;
• relieve inflammation;
• eliminate manifestations of allergies.

Cromones are prescribed for the treatment and prevention of the following allergic diseases:

• hay fever;
• year-round and seasonal allergic rhinitis;
• joint inflammation;
• bronchial asthma.

In the course of research, it became known that a product based on sodium cromoglycate can treat viral respiratory diseases. The mechanism of the antiviral effect of the drug has not yet been established, but it is believed that it adsorbs viruses of a certain size without having selective activity.

List of benefits for allergies:

1. Cromohexal is available as a nasal spray, eye drops and inhalation solution. Drops are not used to treat children under two years of age, and the spray is prescribed for children aged five years and older.
2. Ketoprofen is commercially available in the form of ointment and gel, tablets and injections. The ointment is applied to inflamed joints, and injections are used to relieve acute conditions. This medicine is not intended for use in children.
3. Ketotifen is an antiallergic drug in the form of syrup and tablets. Suitable for children from three years old.
4. Cromoglin is used for the treatment and prevention of allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis. There are two dosage forms of the drug: eye drops and nasal spray.
5. Intal is available in the form of an aerosol and capsules. The drug is prescribed for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, as well as bronchial asthma. Suitable for children from five years old.
6. Aerosol Tailed prescribed for the treatment of allergic forms of bronchial asthma.

Each of the drugs has side effects, so you should not self-medicate. Since the incidence of adverse reactions when using cromones is low, these drugs are successfully used to treat allergies in children, but the medicine should be given to a child only as prescribed by a pediatrician.

Operating principle

The mechanism of action of cromones has not yet been fully studied. They are thought to affect mast cell production. In addition, they block not only histamine itself, but also the release of this substance. The tablets allow you to achieve stability of the membranes of mast cells, which are responsible for allergic and inflammatory reactions in the body.

Mast cells are found in the bone marrow, connective tissues and spleen. Most often they concentrate near the lymph nodes, around blood vessels and under the skin. On the surface of mast cells are granules filled with histamine. It, like other active substances, is released if allergens are present in the body, and changes the intercellular space, effects on the lymphatic system and blood vessels.

Due to the effects of cromones, mast cells enter a stable state and do not release histamine upon contact with an allergen. This is due to the fact that the protective cell membrane is no longer disturbed. Since histamine is not released into the body, there is no inflammation or allergies.

Important! Since the human body becomes accustomed to the components of the drug gradually, the effect of cromones appears only after their long-term and regular use.

Cromones in the treatment of childhood allergies

WHO and the Russian Ministry of Health recommend the use of cromones for the treatment of stage 1 and 2 asthma in children. While taking these medications, the frequency of attacks is reduced and the course of the disease is alleviated. In addition, it has been proven that the combination of cromones and hormonal therapy has a positive effect in particularly severe allergic diseases.

In the course of research, it was noticed that if hormones were not used to treat severe asthma, destructive changes in the lungs were observed. However, if children were treated with cromones before using hormones, then such patients did not experience destructive changes in the lung tissue.

Other positive aspects of using cromones in children include the following:

1. In patients with respiratory tract diseases, during therapy with cromones, the condition of the lungs improved, breathing became easier, and the likelihood of bronchospasm during exercise decreased.
2. During therapy with cromones, patients' blood counts improve. This is associated with a decrease in the intensity of allergic reactions and manifestations of the inflammatory process.
3. The lack of systemic effects on the human body allows these medications to be used to treat children.
4. When used topically, cromones do not penetrate the bloodstream and completely eliminate the inflammatory process.

With the use of cromones, even upon contact with an allergen, the body does not experience a negative reaction. Thanks to the use of these drugs, it is possible to reduce the frequency of asthma attacks and the need to use bronchodilators. Cromones can be safely called the best medicines that, in complex therapy, can eliminate the manifestations of an allergic disease and prevent the occurrence of a recurrent attack.

Allergic rhinitis is a common diagnosis that adults and children hear. It happens that immediately after contact with allergens - irritants, sneezing, runny nose, sore nose, watery eyes, cough, and itchy skin appear. The disease requires immediate treatment, otherwise it can cause complications and develop into bronchial asthma. Shortness of breath, attacks of suffocation up to anaphylactic shock will begin to haunt you systematically.

Today, the pharmaceutical industry offers various methods and drugs for the treatment of all types of allergies (regardless of etiology). Cromones for allergies are recognized as one of the best. They quickly eliminate the signs of the disease, act on the causes, leading to a rapid retreat of the disease.

Cromones - what they are, how drugs based on them work - mechanism of action

Cromones are a group of medicines made using a unique technology. It contains two main components: sodium cromoglycate and sodium nedocromylate. They can often be used by allergists when developing therapeutic tactics in the fight against allergic and inflammatory diseases.

The mechanism of action is to suppress histamine, the main provocateur of allergic reactions. Preparations with cromones begin to stabilize the membranes of mast cells, strengthen their walls, and block the release of histamine. Benefits of use for patients:

• targeted delivery of a local therapeutic effect in the body;
• high efficiency;
• absolute harmlessness.

Taking into account the pharmacokinetic effect of drugs based on cromones:

• have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral properties;
• block the processes of allergic manifestations;
• cleanse the bronchi from harmful accumulations, relieve spasms;
• recommended for use (usually for prevention) against hay fever, bronchial asthma, and allergic rhinitis.

What forms of release of drugs for the treatment of allergies does pharmacology offer?

Pharmacologists offer medications with cramons in the form of nasal drops, tablets, syrups, aerosols, nasal sprays, gels, ointments, rectal suppositories and inhalation solutions.

Cromones have been proven to successfully:

• treat respiratory diseases (ARVI, influenza) caused by viruses and bacteria;
• suppress attacks of asthma, suffocation and allergic cough.

They are not as active as the more aggressive medications of the new generation, but they have an immediate absorbing effect, suppressing the vital activity of many types of viruses and bacteria.

Method of treating children and adults with cromones

Bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis (according to scientists) are identical to the physiological mechanism of occurrence, when the mucous membrane of the bronchial tree is colonized by eosinophils (mast cells) and T-lymphocytes.

Allergy is a disease for which monotherapy is unlikely to be effective. For irritants entering the body from the outside, an integrated approach is required to develop a therapeutic program with the inclusion of cell membrane stabilizers and anti-inflammatory medications.

It is the cromons:

• take an active part in the inflammatory process;
• release histamine from mast cells;
• eliminate manifestations of the disease;
• reduce the percentage of eosinophils in the bronchi;
• inhibit the action of target cells, thereby preventing the manifestation of new attacks of bronchospasm and asthma.

Active components in cromones:

• ketotifen blocks H1-type histamine receptors;
• nedocromil sodium releases mast cell mediators from eosinophils, suppressing their activity;
• Sodium cromoglycate eliminates hyperactivity in the bronchi.

If you are treated with cromones and hormonal compounds, a stable therapeutic effect will be observed even in the complicated course of allergic rhinitis and type 2 asthma. For example, in children’s lung tissues after completing a treatment course:

• destructive changes occur in the bronchi;
• the condition of the lungs improves;
• breath is released;
• the intensity of allergic reactions and the likelihood of bronchospasm decreases even during physical exercise.

In addition, taking medications containing cromones prevents the occurrence of negative reactions even during contact with irritating allergens. This eliminates the need to take additional bronchodilators and corticosteroids for advanced forms of allergies. The frequency of attacks of suffocation, coughing, and spasms in the bronchi is significantly reduced.

Today, cromones are recognized by medicine as one of the best medicines that quickly eliminate the manifestations of allergic diseases (rhinitis, asthma, bronchitis) and relieve inflammation. If you take local products (ointments, gels) when treating the affected areas of the skin, there is no effect on systemic blood flow.

Cromones are not able to accumulate in the body (unlike hormones), which is why they are attractive to patients.

This means that they are not addictive, absolutely harmless and cease to act on the body as soon as the use is stopped.

List of names of the best drugs for bronchial asthma for inhalation use

To improve your well-being, it is important to take cromones regularly and repeatedly (up to 6 sessions per day). Names of the best drugs, despite the delayed effect with a short-term effect (no more than 2 hours);

1. Cromohexal (solution, drops, spray) for instillation into the nasal passages. Indicated in the treatment of hay fever and allergic rhinitis. Contraindications: children under 5 years of age.
2. Ketotifen (tablets, syrup) with the ability to quickly eliminate allergy attacks and inflammatory reactions. Contraindications: children under 3 years of age.
3. Ketoprofen (ointment, gel, tablets, injections) is an analgesic for pain relief. Contraindications: children under 16 years of age.
4. Intal (solution for inhalation) for the treatment of asthma in adults and children.
5. Ketotifen (syrup, eye drops) with anti-anaphylactic and sedative effects. Indications: rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dermatoses, bronchitis, osmotic complications, hay fever, prevention of bronchial asthma.
6. Tailed Mint (aerosol) for medicinal purposes in asthmatic bronchitis and rhinitis.

What medications for hay fever are effective in tablets and drops?

They effectively eliminate the manifestations of seasonal hay fever (for pollen, fluff, dust, animal hair), relieve unpleasant attacks of cromona from allergies - the names of the drugs in the form of nasal drops:

• Intal;
• Thallium;
• Cromoghlin;
• Bichromate;
• cromoglycic acid.

Preparations – eye drops for conjunctivitis, lacrimation:

• Cromohexal;
• Optikrom;
• Ifiral;
• Lecrolin;
• High-chrome.

Cromones for nasal allergies for children:

• Ketotifen;
• Ketotif;
• Zaditen.

Thanks to different forms of release (drops, syrups, solutions, sprays, inhalers), new generation antihistamines can be used topically (orally) at any time of the day, even with food due to rapid absorption in the intestines. The best drugs for the treatment of hay fever for adults:

• Astelong;
• Histazol;
• Allergodil;
• Astemisan;
• Gismanal;
• Claritin;
• Tamagon;
• Trexil;
• Torfenadine;
• Zyrtec;
• Cetirizine;
• Ebastine;
• Levocabastine;
• Diazolin;
• Ifiral (powder) for use for inhalation and pouring into nebulizers.

Are intranasal drugs with cromones used during pregnancy?

According to the classification, intranasal preparations with cromones belong to group “B” antihistamines and 2nd generation mediators, approved for use by women during pregnancy until complete relief of well-being:

• Clemastine;
• Cetirizine;
• Kromoglin, Kromohexal - eye drops with the possibility of use for conjunctivitis.

Many drugs containing cromones have not undergone a sufficient number of clinical studies, so safety for children is questionable. Some also contain preservatives and have a vasoconstrictor effect. It is not advisable for pregnant women to use such products. The only nasal cream whose safety has been fully proven is Tafen Nasal, which does not contain benzalkonium chloride and does not lead to dryness of the mucous membrane of the nostrils or a burning sensation.

It is important for expectant mothers to take care of the prevention of rhinitis even at the stage of pregnancy planning. If you cannot do without therapy, then in the 1st-3rd trimester you need to select the safest means.

Can cromones replace topical steroids in the form of nasal sprays - patient reviews

The composition of steroids in spray form is identical to the hormones produced in the adrenal glands:

• quickly relieve symptoms of allergies and inflammation;
• are not absorbed into the bloodstream;
• have a cumulative effect.

However, steroids should not be used in long courses (more than 7 days in a row) in order to avoid the occurrence of systematic failures in the body. If swelling of the mucous membrane of the mouth (nose) is a concern, it is recommended to use it in combination with sprays with a vasoconstrictor effect.

Steroids can be used for severe allergies, but are prohibited for children and pregnant women. As cromones enter the body, they begin to specifically suppress mast cell membranes and block histamine releases. At the same time, they are considered safer than topical steroids and hormonal drugs, since they do not lead to addiction and perfectly eliminate allergic reactions. Although they are unlikely to be effective if, for example, it is necessary to provide urgent emergency assistance to a victim during an asthma attack (suffocation). The effect of cromones is slow, delayed (after 1-2 weeks). It is advisable to start taking it long before encountering allergen irritants.

Features of asthma treatment in children

• have a beneficial effect on the condition of the lungs;
• significantly frees up breathing;
• reduce the intensity of allergy symptoms;
• do not affect the functions of internal organs (systems), are not able to be absorbed into the systemic bloodstream when using local sprays (drops), since they settle on the mucous membrane of the nose (eyes), accumulate, and relieve inflammation.

Cromones for allergies, names of drugs for children - Intal, Tailed, Ketoprofen, Ketotifen, Kromoglin, Kromgesal.

In the course of the studies, it was revealed that if you start therapy with cromones even before using hormones, then pathological changes in the lungs will not be observed, even if bronchial asthma is extremely severe. However, it is recommended to take cromones for bronchial asthma and hay fever long before the expected appearance of unpleasant symptoms, i.e. 2-4 weeks before the start of ragweed plants (flowering period) containing allergens.

Conclusion

Cromones are safe components and may well prevent the penetration of allergens into the intracellular space, even replace hormonal therapy if the allergy or inflammation in the bronchi is mild. Medicines containing cromones are not absorbed into the systemic circulation and are excreted in the urine in full. But to obtain the desired effect, a person needs to use them in long courses.