When planning to replace electrical wiring with your own hands in a one-room apartment, or with the help of a professional electrician, you need to draw up a connection diagram for all wiring lines, sockets, switches, junction boxes, various permanently installed electrical appliances (fan, air conditioner, electric stove), circuit breakers and residual current devices ( RCD).
In terms of electrical wiring, in addition to listing the electrical connections, it is also advisable to indicate the exact location of the connection point for each electrical receiver in the apartment.
Example of a room wiring diagram plan In relation to one-room apartments, due to the apparent simplicity of cable routing, many novice craftsmen ignore the electrical wiring layout, immediately starting work with a vague idea of the diagram and the final result.
As a result, with this approach, you may encounter unforeseen difficulties and problems. In addition, electrical wiring installed incorrectly by yourself, without knowledge of the rules and requirements, can cause an accident.
accident, burnt socket and electrical wiring Step-by-step formation of a general wiring diagram
When drawing up a cabling plan, it is necessary to divide the drawing of the wiring diagram into four stages, one for each room of a typical one-room apartment (living room, hallway, kitchen, bathroom).
An example of a wiring diagram for a one-room apartment Regardless of the layout of the home, it is necessary to think through the electrical wiring for each room separately, based on the specific purpose of each room.
Specifics should be understood as the use of electrical appliances and equipment, as well as the location of sockets, switches, and controls. It is necessary to familiarize yourself (information is available on this resource) with the specifics of electrical wiring in each room of the apartment, drawing up a general diagram with your own hands.
Cable calculation based on load
When drawing up a wiring diagram for each room, it is necessary to adhere to the fundamental sequence of actions, which are based on a logical chain of concepts, the explanation of which is beyond the scope of this article:
Therefore, it is necessary to correctly calculate the cross-section of the wires to be installed and indicate them on the plan diagram. A method for independently calculating cross sections for current or power consumption can be found on this resource, or taken from other trustworthy sources.
An example of a diagram of switching devices divided into groups and cable sections for a one-room apartment There you can also find a description of the types of electrical wiring, methods of laying them and the types of cables used.
Dividing electrical wiring into separate lines
Another principle that should be adhered to, regardless of the purpose of the premises of a one-room apartment, when drawing up its electrical wiring diagram with your own hands is the division of consumers into groups.
An example of an apartment wiring diagram The minimum option is a group of sockets and lighting. This means that from the apartment panel there must be separate cables protected by automatic devices for sockets and electric lighting devices.
In addition to electrical safety, this approach compares favorably in terms of the convenience of replacing a switch or socket with your own hands - you will be able to use electric lighting devices without turning off the entire electricity in the apartment.
Bathroom diagram For powerful consumers of electricity, such as a boiler, electric stove, air conditioner, refrigerator, it is necessary to lay a separate line.
Kitchen wiring diagram This requirement is justified by the fact that the cross-section of the wires supplying power to these electrical appliances must be larger than for cables supplying less powerful equipment.
Accordingly, a circuit breaker designed for a given cross-section may not work if an overcurrent appears in a cable connected in series with thinner cores, leading to overheating, melting and fire of the insulation.
Protection from defeat
All groups of sockets must be equipped with RCDs that respond to current leaks through the human body or insulation. In this way, protection against damage occurs when dangerous voltage appears on the housing of electrical appliances, and fire safety is ensured. In relation to the bathroom, the presence of an RCD is a prerequisite when installing sockets.
It is advisable to install an RCD on the lighting line too, especially for the bathroom. For example, metal parts of wall lights may become energized and cause injury if touched.
In addition, there may be water in the distribution box, switch or terminal block of the chandelier due to the fault of the neighbors above. Getting water on conductive surfaces will not cause a short circuit and will not cause the circuit breaker to trip, but may cause a leak that can damage the insulation and lighting equipment.
The RCD must be connected in series with the circuit breaker, and the rated current of the RCD must be one value higher.
RCD connection The RCD + automatic circuit breaker can be replaced with a difavtomat, combining both of these devices, which are installed in the apartment distribution panel.
The shield itself should be in an accessible place at a height inaccessible to small children.
Installation height of the switchboard in the corridor The need to comply with rules and regulations
When drawing up an electrical wiring diagram, in order to avoid accidentally damaging other communications when installing wires, you must have at hand a plan for their wiring in the apartment.
After checking the location of pipelines and various cable lines, you need to carry out electrical wiring, if possible avoiding its intersection with these communications, adhering to the rules for laying electrical wiring, which are described in detail on this resource.
example of wiring arrangement in a room For convenience, this article contains quotes from the rules for electrical installations (PUE) and building codes and regulations (SNiP).
These standards also include the location of electrical wiring, outlets and switches in relation to doors, walls, floors and ceilings. Determine the exact location of wiring and electrical points in the apartment, indicating distances in meters or millimeters on the plan.
Since access to distribution boxes must be ensured, their number can be reduced - when planning the wiring for sockets and switches, it is worth planning in such a way as to make the necessary connections in the socket boxes of switches and sockets.
Symbols on the plan
If documentation for an apartment requires a professional drawing of the electrical wiring diagram, then it is better to contact the relevant organizations that have qualified specialists, and having the right to draw up such documents.
But when drawing up a wiring diagram for a master, or planning to do all the electrical work yourself, you need to learn a minimum set of symbols for various electrical points and electrical receivers commonly found in the apartment.
symbol of switches and sockets on the diagram 
On the wiring plan, all three wires necessary to connect the sockets (phase, neutral, ground) can be indicated by one line to make the diagram easier to read, and the wiring lines for individual groups of consumers should be indicated in different colors.
hand drawing of the apartment plan The drawing can be drawn by hand, the main thing is to be careful and precise in the notation.
There are many apartment wiring diagrams on the Internet; they can be used as a template, adding and changing as necessary.
Having the skills of an electrician is valuable in the conditions of modern life, when negotiated prices are fundamental and can, in the event of an unforeseen accident in the apartment, significantly weaken the wallet due to their fairly high level.
Most people are known to limit their electrical knowledge to the simplest process of replacing a light bulb in a lamp. And only a meticulous few who strive to learn as much valuable information as possible master the theory and practice of electrical installation work.
In the future, when the question of how to install new wiring in an apartment becomes relevant, they do not need to decide whether to invite craftsmen or save money using their own skills.
The main risks if you want to carry out electrical work
There is an expression “to rent out an apartment turnkey”. The main essence of this concept is based on the complete implementation of all work, including electrical work, which is represented by typical wiring diagrams in an apartment.
And, since with such a standard implementation of the general range of finishing and installation processes, everything is carried out according to a single approved project, it is quite natural that upon moving in, residents have to make many changes to the layout, as well as to the order of placement of electrical points.
Some people are not satisfied with the quality of work, others want to change the template order and install everything in a new way, according to their own needs. This, in turn, requires additional expenses and considerable ones. But the apartment itself has already cost a huge amount and few people will like the extra expenses.
Replacing wiring in an old apartment
Almost the same picture emerges when it is necessary to carry out major repairs in an old apartment. In addition to all finishing work, replace old wiring with new wiring connected to modern sockets and switches.
But, if finishing the finishing yourself does not seem to be a particularly difficult task, then how to change the old wiring with your own hands without having the appropriate knowledge? Hard to imagine.
Work related to electricity has an increased degree of accuracy and if a mistake is made, this can lead not only to the stoppage of vital activities in the apartment (turning on the lights, operation of electrical appliances and various equipment), but also create risks for human life. This means you either need to be a specialist yourself, or invite qualified electricians.
You should not rely on your own strength and consider yourself a knowledgeable person in this area, just by watching a couple of educational videos on the Internet. This is not the case. Everything is much more serious here.
Only qualified specialists will carry out high-quality electrical installation work. They will determine which wires are used (for wiring) by requesting linear diagrams from the BTI, carefully groove the walls and ceilings without causing a short circuit, and perform all the necessary work according to the specific wishes of the residents. Right up to drawing a line to the shields.
Key points in home network planning
Despite all the precautions, there is one job related to the electrical installation process that can and should be done by apartment residents. This means drawing up a plan for laying a new network and determining the location of electrical points.
Only the owners of the apartment can draw up such a diagram and indicate on it the following points:
- Places where sockets and switches will be most conveniently located.
- The most suitable heights from the floor to the location of electrical points.
- The number of ceiling and wall lamps and areas for their fastening.
- Type of wiring (open or hidden) and so on.
It is important to approach this task very responsibly. Make diagrams separately for each room. Pay special attention to rooms with high humidity (bathroom, kitchen). You can take a photo of the wiring in an apartment found on the Internet as a sample, if the size and layout plans match.
Those who know how to work in special computer programs such as CAD can make clearer diagrams using the designations of various parts and elements directly related to electrics included in the program. Their designations completely coincide with those officially approved. Such diagrams will be more understandable for professional electricians.
Be careful, children!
The main attention of young parents when solving the problem of replacing old wiring with new ones is focused on the safety of children. It is important for them that sometimes overly curious kids cannot accidentally harm themselves by becoming interested in electrical objects.
In such cases, closed sockets with special interlocks are purchased if they are installed in places accessible to children.
Wires are hidden in walls or in electrical boxes (if the wiring is open). The best option in modern living conditions is remote control of electricity using a remote control.
Techniques for conducting and hiding wiring in an apartment
The two most well-known methods of wiring in an apartment: hidden and open. The first, as stated above, involves grooved walls and ceilings.
At the same time, at the time of laying the wires in the grooves, for protection and to ensure the convenience of further work, the wiring is pulled through the corrugation. Having secured it in the recess along the entire line of the excavation, plastering work is carried out. Align the places where the corrugation is laid and then carry out the usual finishing work (putty and painting or wallpapering).
Unlike the hidden type, the open type is based on the visible distribution of wiring throughout the apartment. This method of arranging wires along surfaces can be used in the event that a certain old section of wiring is blocked or if it is necessary to carry out a specifically open form of electrical wiring.
Here, instead of corrugation, plastic electrical boxes (cable channels) of various sections are used, which are mounted on the surface of the walls vertically or horizontally. The wiring is located inside the cable.
Laying wires on the floor and ceiling
The open type of wiring and protection of wiring in apartments is not used as often as the hidden type. It is worth agreeing that, for example, wiring along the ceiling in an apartment looks much more advantageous when hidden, and the presence of too many cable channels can create a feeling of cramping in the apartment.
This method of electrical installation is more suitable for private houses, where this type of wiring is dictated by fire safety measures.
One of the options for the aesthetic design of open wiring is to run the wiring in the apartment along the floor. In this case, it is convenient to lay wires in hollow plastic skirting boards, which simultaneously serve as cable ducts.
The premises acquire external aesthetics. Most often, in this way, television wires or low current (telephone and computer wires) are hidden.
Photo of wiring in the apartment
Do-it-yourself wiring in an apartment is not a myth, but a reality, for which you do not need to study to become an electrician or read several weighty volumes on physics.
It is enough to know a few rules to lay the cable at home and make the right project. However, we should not forget about the risks, because after all, we are dealing with electricity.
To carry out, you need to have a good grasp of theory and behave carefully in practice, not forgetting about safety precautions.
A diagram of the electrical wiring in an apartment is an indispensable reference for a master.
New wiring is required either during a major overhaul, when it needs to be replaced, or when design is done from scratch, often during the construction stage.
Why not hire an electrician who knows the ropes and can install the electricity correctly? The main thing is the price.
Typical wiring in an apartment costs approximately 1,000 rubles per square meter, and in atypical cases the installation will be much more expensive.
On the other hand, wiring in an apartment with your own efforts means spending only on materials.
First of all, when starting the installation of electrical wiring in an apartment, you should pay attention to the cables.
Often in an ordinary apartment you can find aluminum cable. Previously, it was chosen because it was cheap, but it is safer to replace it with copper wires.
The fact is that literally after twenty years the aluminum cable becomes very fragile, causing burnout and short circuits.
If moisture gets on it, then corrosion begins; damage to one wire causes the entire wiring diagram to burn out. Because of these reasons, it is prohibited to use aluminum in the apartment.
It would be correct to make the cable copper - it may be more expensive, but its operation will be safe.
Stages of work
You can make a replacement by following a simple plan:
- a scheme for the apartment is created;
- a wiring plan is drawn up and its compatibility with the project is checked;
- development of a temporary repair shed;
- wiring is being installed;
- connection of machines, sockets, switches is carried out.
Don't forget about grounding. In a modern apartment, several (or even more) devices can operate simultaneously.
All of us have at least once felt a subtle tingling sensation when touching equipment. But if you forget about grounding or do it incorrectly, electric shock becomes very dangerous.
Therefore, the wiring diagram assumes the presence of grounding. Making it yourself is not difficult if you know how it works.
But we can say that there is grounding in every apartment - it is supplied through one of the wires and is called zero. For it to work correctly, you need to do the zeroing yourself.
This process is quite simple: the wiring is mounted with a three-wire wire, one cable will play the role of grounding. We connect it to the sockets and to certain equipment in the apartment.
It would be correct to make grounding inside the shield - then the protective function of the elements will be close to 100%.
Wiring to points should be done at the very end, when mechanisms and devices are installed.
Principle of drawing up a diagram
A diagram that you can make even with your own hands is needed for a number of reasons:
- you can easily calculate the amount of material that needs to be worked with to carry out wiring in the apartment: the necessary wires, their cross-sections, determine how many sockets and switches there will be in the apartment, and also indicate the location of the panel;
- design allows you to find the right places for power elements;
- helps in the future to repair hidden parts of conductive elements.
The diagram and plan of an apartment or house are kept to scale with distribution groups applied to them. Without the latter, do-it-yourself electrical wiring in an apartment is impossible and even dangerous.
Usually in an apartment you need to make at least two shields: an introductory one and an internal one. Branches of wiring go from the interior to the rooms.
The main groups look like this:
- sockets;
- lighting;
- powerful devices;
- sockets and appliances that need to be made and connected in the bathroom and kitchen;
- outbuildings.
It is important to do the design and calculation in such a way that all the wiring goes to more than one group of points - then the load will be too large.
Even at the stage when the project is just being created, it is necessary to think through protective devices for each individual group and make them yourself.
The power and location of the devices will influence the choice of circuit, which master will prefer to use. Such data will help you choose the number of sockets for the apartment and the cross-section that the cable should have.
Many people may have a question: what is the difference between a house diagram and an apartment diagram? In practice there are few differences.
The main difference is in the input of electricity - it enters the house through external wires, while in an apartment it is a cable from the distribution panel.
How to do the wiring?
In an apartment you can most often find concrete or brick walls that are covered with paint or plaster.
An apartment's electrical wiring project may imply that the cable must be laid either in a combined way or hidden. Which way is better?
It is worth understanding that there are a lot of options, and all that you can do with your own hands are based on taking into account the characteristics of the apartment.
Wiring can even be laid along bare concrete walls, and the top can be covered with plaster or paint.
Calculation of the necessary materials to perform the procedure yourself is as follows: you need a pipe and a flexible hose (usually metal or PVC).
Open wiring should be laid in special channels.
Carrying out the project with your own hands, we decide on the security system.
To do this, inside the distribution panel of the apartment, a prerequisite is the presence of circuit breakers that protect against short circuits.
Some experts advise making residual current devices instead of automatic circuit breakers, which turn off devices during power surges.
What kind of wiring should be in the bathroom and bathroom, what choice of machines will be correct?
If you do the installation yourself, then try to avoid installing a distribution box in this room; it is better to place the switch not in the bathroom itself, but somewhere nearby, for example, in the corridor, near the door to the room.
The socket can be installed, but with additional moisture protection mechanisms.
Marking is best done using strictly horizontal or vertical lines.
We carry out the design so that the lines do not intersect with each other, and we run the route parallel to some wall.
If you decide to do wiring under the floor covering, then there should be a small distance from it to the wall.
How to choose the correct cross-section for the wiring wire? This figure should always be greater than the calculation of the planned load on the network (and more than 2 millimeters square).
The calculation and diagram suggest that different sections are needed for different groups. When installing in an apartment with your own hands, it is important to protect all wires in cavities with pipes and sleeves.
The cable and wires that will be connected should be equipped with open access junction boxes so that you can easily reach them for repairs if necessary.
In the hallway, one or two outlets will be enough, but in the other rooms of the apartment you can do more.
The plan does not regulate how to place the outlet in the apartment, but it is believed that the optimal distance from the floor is above 30 centimeters.
Calculating where to place the switch involves installing it in such a way that every family member can reach it.
What else needs to be considered during planning?
A plan is a real salvation for any owner during installation, especially if all the work is done by hand.
It takes into account all the rules that will help you avoid problems and carry out the correct calculation of materials throughout the apartment.
The electrical wiring diagram in the apartment is an absolutely necessary thing both for work and for further repairs.
First of all, it is important to remember that at least two branches go from the meter in the apartment to each room - for switches and sockets.
Particular attention should be paid to the bathroom, a project for which is a real headache when installing it yourself.
The best option would be to install in this room only a lamp on the ceiling and a boiler when it is needed.
The plan can be made so that in adjacent rooms of the apartment the sockets are located opposite each other in the wall.
In this case, one hole is drilled for two groups, which allows you to lay one branch, saving cable for wiring in the apartment.
As for the project with the designation of spotlights in the apartment, if you decide to do it yourself, it is worth indicating such elements as a separate chandelier.
The calculation here is made so that the branch goes to the center of the ceiling, then it will be more convenient to lay out the wiring.
A competent plan assumes that a separate branch goes to each chandelier or lamp.
If you think that a plan is not that important, especially when working with your own hands, then it is not so.
The fact is that your calculation and plan still need to be registered with the energy service.
This procedure is free, but if the wiring calculation is incorrect or even dangerous, be prepared for the fact that the plan will have to be redone.
Therefore, a properly designed diagram is extremely important. Another question is how to do it? Today it is not necessary to go to a bureau or hire an engineer.
All actions, if desired, are carried out with your own hands.
It is allowed to create a project in computer editors: CorelDraw or Photoshop. In case you do not have experience in how to create a project on a computer, you can draw it on paper by hand.
How to repair wiring yourself
Situations where wiring burns out or breaks are not uncommon. How to repair it? You can wait a long time for an electrician, and he will charge a lot for the work.
Therefore, many people choose to do the repairs themselves. The main thing is not to forget to use protective equipment: gloves, glasses, working tools.
Repair of wiring or wiring can be complete or partial. Basically, hidden wiring is used in apartments, and you don’t always have a plan at hand where the branches are marked.
If the project is lost, then there is a way out - use a wiring finder. This device works like a scanner.
If an aluminum cable is laid in the apartment, as required by the project, then it is better to either call a qualified technician to replace the wiring, or not touch the wires at all.
If you are not sure that you can carry out such a procedure yourself, then call a specialist. However, there are situations where a joint circuit for aluminum and copper wires works.
Twisting cannot be used in such cases. How to be? It’s very simple: choose terminals and clamps for such purposes.
Terminal blocks for electrical wiring in an apartment are common mechanisms used to connect wires made of different materials.
It is beneficial to use such devices, because they are designed in such a way that the cables do not oxidize.
In no case do not forget to turn off the power to the apartment while the wiring is being repaired. However, how then to connect tools that run on electricity?
For this, a special temporary connection diagram is used. We fix the socket and the 16 A circuit breaker with our own hands on a thick board or piece of plastic.
A branch is drawn from the meter, after which the apartment itself is de-energized.
For standard DIY repair work or when replacing wiring, we will need the following tools:
- grinder with a circle (if the walls are made of stone or concrete, then with an appropriate attachment for the stone);
- a hammer drill that can drill through concrete;
- soldering iron;
- phase indicator indicator;
- screwdrivers (handles must be insulated);
- flashlight;
- knife for installation;
- building level;
- spatula for hiding the wiring with materials (for example, plaster);
- portable electric lamp.
In general, all these tools for electrical wiring in an apartment can be easily found from any craftsman who has dealt with apartment renovations.
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Previously, we looked at detailed instructions for, now I would like to pay more attention to the issue of creating a wiring diagram for cable routing in all rooms.
In order to make a wiring diagram in a one-room apartment with your own hands, you need to have the following materials:
- a photocopy of the floor plan (it is better to indicate the placement of all elements on it);
- stationery (pencil, ruler, etc.);
- construction tape.
First of all, we decide on switches and all electrical appliances. After this, we mark on the walls the route of the wires, as well as the installation locations of all components. Next, we check the correct placement of all sockets and switches.
Very often, after electrical installation work, it turns out that some socket is blocked by furniture or. This risks having to redo all the work or purchase unreliable extension cords. Therefore, it is best to carry out a control check after marking the walls, which does not take much time.
If everything is correct, we transfer the entire project to paper.
For your attention, an example of a typical wiring diagram in a one-room apartment of a panel house (Khrushchev):
We draw your attention to the fact that the example is not followed; all colors were chosen to visually differentiate the power lines.
We also provide another option for wiring in a one-room apartment:
It is important when drawing up a cable wiring diagram for rooms to additionally draw up a panel diagram. For example, you can use the following assembly options:
If the apartment is old, without grounding, the diagram will be as follows:
Any work related to electricity requires a serious, competent approach, therefore wiring diagram in the apartment, must be well thought out and executed with high quality. It is with the electrics that renovations begin in a new apartment or house. Any major home renovation should begin with it. The main stages of repair are as follows. First, wires are laid along all the walls, then they become overgrown primer, painting mesh,plaster, putty and wallpaper. Under this thick layer,
The electrical wiring will remain in place for decades. That is why, before installing it, you need to think very carefully about the future wiring diagram in the apartment.
Where to start
As a rule, at the first stages of renovation, people usually have little idea of the final result. And for proper electrical wiring, it would be very desirable to present it. Since the functionality and logic of the location of sockets, switches, lighting, and, in general, all wiring in general will depend on this. The electrical wiring diagram in a private house or apartment should always start the same way, with drawing up an electrical plan. And that's why. Let’s say you made a repair, but didn’t think much about the end result, as the electrician advised, so you did. All is ready. We put the furniture in its place, arranged the consumer electronics, and what did we get? Catastrophe! All sockets turned out to be in cold reserve, one was blocked by a closet, another by a sofa, a third by a chest of drawers and a fourth by a bedside table, even near the TV and favorite stereo system, as by the law of meanness, there were no sockets within a radius of 3-4 meters. And here begins a very fun and exciting game called, scatter extension cords and pilots throughout the apartment. The question is, why did you make new electrical wiring so that you could then walk around and trip over extension cords? Of course no. And in an apartment, this is half the trouble, but an incorrectly executed electrical wiring diagram in a private house promises more global consequences. After all, if in apartments, wiring changes on average every 20-25 years, then in private residential buildings, much less often or never at all. And how many extension cords are needed for a two or three story house, and there are still more of them Do I need to buy it, how much money will it cost? And how many nerves will be spent every time, like you again, you'll stumble about the pilot wire lying on the floor.
What to do? Sit down and think calmly, decide on the arrangement of furniture and household electronics. Be sure to note what new electrical appliances you plan to purchase in the coming years. For example: an air conditioner, a dishwasher, a freezer, an electric water heater, an electric oven or hob, and so on, and where, after these acquisitions, existing cabinets, sofas and bedside tables can be moved. Consult with your family, wife and children; in practice, their advice turns out to be very helpful.
Drawing a diagram - power part
In as much detail as possible, with all explanations and pictures, the installation of electrical wiring from the very beginning to the end is described in a step-by-step guide
So, you've made your decision. Now, you need to put all your ideas and plans on paper. We draw a plan of your premises. How to do it? Let's take a standard one-room apartment as an illustrative example. To complete the scheme we need:
- notebook sheet
- ruler
- pen
- colored pencils or markers
The diagram shows the location of the walls and doorways. No specific dimensions required, just a general idea. 
Here we have a diagram of the apartment. Simple and clear.
To make it clear what we are talking about, I will number and label the rooms:
- Room 1 - hall
- room 2 - kitchen
- room 3 - bathroom
- room 4 - hallway
Now, we need to draw on our diagram the locations of furniture and household appliances. 
Room 1 - hall:
|
Room 2 - kitchen:
|
Room 3 - bathroom:
|
Room 4 - hallway:
|
Items marked in red are consumers of electricity, which means we will need sockets in these places. Now, we simplify the diagram, remove the furniture, and draw designation of sockets on the diagram. 
This is the diagram we should get.
Now, let's clarify the conventions that we have used and will continue to use in our diagrams.
- I will duplicate the signatures, from top to bottom:
- socket
- double socket
- single-key switch
- two-gang switch
- lamp, chandelier, light bulb
- junction box (distribution box)
- end of the wire for further connection of equipment
power shield
Specific dimensions and locations of sockets will need to be indicated on the diagram as soon as you have finally decided on the placement of furniture and equipment.
Drawing a diagram - lighting part 
In our example, all chandeliers and lamps will be located in the center of the room. Let's start drawing with room number 1 - the hall. The coordinates of the location of the lamps, length and width, if the exact dimensions of the room are available, can be indicated immediately. For our example, there are no specific dimensions, so we will take all the necessary measurements during the first stage of installation - marking. For example, I’ll show you how to find the center of a room. First, measure the width of the room and divide the resulting value in half. For example, if the width turns out to be 4 meters, we divide it in half, 4: 2 = 2, it turns out to be 2 meters. 
Now, measure the length of the room and also divide it in half. For example, the length is 6 meters, divide in half, 6: 2 = 3, it turns out 3 meters. We know the coordinates of the middle. Using the given values, we mark the center of the room. I marked it with a cross. 
We divide the L-shaped room, number 4 (hallway), into two parts and also mark it out. 
Now, we replace the crosses with the symbols of the lamps and get this picture. 
To complete our diagram, we need to draw switches. To do this, we need to think again and decide, this time, on the interior doors. Namely, which side they will open to, left or right, and where, inward or outward. This is done so that some kind of switch does not turn out accidentally outside the door when the repairs are done fully ready. Usually, doors are opened at the smallest angle. Here, the usefulness of the space on the left and right is taken into account, but neither forget about the furniture, the door should not rest against it. So, we decided on the doors.
Now, we can draw the switches. As a rule, switches are located inside rooms. So that when you open the door and enter the room, you can immediately turn on the light, and turn it off when leaving. Control of the light in a particular room will be entirely in the hands of the person in it. We went to bed, turned off the light, but did not need to leave the room. Comfortable. The exception is damp and damp areas, such as the bathroom and toilet. Here, the switches are taken outside, since the constant entry of moisture into the switch will lead to its rapid failure.
We draw switches on the diagram using conditionaldesignations. Before you begin installing the electrical wiring, you will need to indicate on the diagram the specific dimensions of the switches, the height and distance from the edge of the door.
So, in the end we got two pictures:
- socket layout diagram
- diagram of lamps and switches
The first stage is completed. Based on its results, we have the first and main part of the electrical circuit.
Stage two, wiring diagram
To begin with, you need to calculate and think through the route of laying the wire in detail. To do this, you need to carefully examine the room in which installation is planned. Know exactly what finishing and finishing work will be done. What you should be interested in:
Suspended, stretch ceilings
Will the walls be plastered, if so, what will be the thickness of the layer?
For monolithic houses, you need to know which walls are load-bearing
The location of the floor slabs, how the channels run and how clean they are
Why is it important. I will explain with a specific example.
Let's say that in our one-room apartment, which we took as an example in the first part, suspended ceilings are planned. From an electrical point of view, this is simply wonderful. The fact is that now, if electrical installation work is carried out independently, you can save a lot of effort and time, as well as a lot of money, on materials. Savings occur due to the fact that now it becomes possible to choose a combined method of installing hidden electrical wiring.
We install the wire along the ceiling in a non-flammable corrugated pipe, we make descents to sockets and switches in vertical grooves.
See how many benefits we get using this installation method:
If the electrical wiring is being replaced, hidden, without updating the plaster layer, there is no need to do the lion's share of the hard work of making horizontal grooves for laying the wire. This type of preparatory work takes almost 50% of the time spent on the entire electrical wiring installation cycle.
There is no need to run wires through the ceiling slab channels. This laying method is used to covertly lay a wire to the center of the room to power a chandelier or lamp. We save effort and time, the channels of floor slabs are not always clean, in some situations you have to tinker.
We significantly reduce the amount of wire required. When laying it along the walls, you have to go around extra distances, installing it along the ceiling, you can lay it along the shortest path.
This example shows how the ratio of time and money spent on the entire installation cycle can change. That is why this issue should be approached so scrupulously.
What you should pay attention to if the installation of electrical wiring will be carried out using the standard installation method, hidden along the walls.
It is highly advisable to try to avoid concrete floors located above windows and doors. The first reason is that ditching them is very problematic. Second, in the future, incidents may arise when installing curtains for curtains.
It is necessary to correctly determine how the channels run in the floor slabs, since wires for chandeliers and lamps will be laid in them.
Calculate the location of distribution boxes. With the correct quantity and location, you can significantly reduce the amount of wire required for installation.
If the house is monolithic concrete, you should calculate the location of sockets and switches so that they do not fall on the supporting structures. Violating their integrity is strictly prohibited!
After we have taken into account all the points, we move on to sketching the wiring diagram. To do this, we use two schemes that we obtained in the first stage. We superimpose the diagrams on top of each other and get the overall picture.
Let's start with room number 1. Here, there will be standard ceilings for painting, therefore, the wires will be mounted on the walls, for the chandelier in the channel of the ceiling slab. In this room there will be two double sockets, one switch and a chandelier. We pull the wire, starting from the farthest corner, since it contains the first double sockets in the chain. We stop at the exit from the room, where the junction box will be located.
I would not recommend making sockets in a ribbon cable; this will significantly reduce the throughput capacity of the last socket. It will be more correct and reliable to make all connections in the junction box. Therefore, we run the wire directly, from each outlet, to the box. We sketch the route of the wire from the second double socket.
Now, we draw the route for laying the wire, from the chandelier to the junction box.
From switch to box.
All the wires are collected in one place, sketch out the location of the junction box.
Similarly, we sketch the routes for laying the wires of other rooms.
Electrical wiring in the kitchen. Here, it is possible to use the channel of the floor slab to shorten the route of the wire to one of the sockets. We pass the wires through the channel of the stove, thereby saving time and wire.
