Lesson Objectives
Form at
students understanding
deeply folk
domestic
character of the war of 1812
of the year;
Contribute
education among students
feelings of pride for
our history, feelings
high patriotism
Introduce
students from
elements
military history,
features
military strategy,
tactics,
condition
weapons
the era being studied
The nature of the war
Causes of the war
Reason for war
Patriotic War
Guerrilla movement
Strategy
Tactics Tasks that prepare
to study new material
What was the international situation like?
in Europe at the beginning of the 19th century?
What are the main goals and directions
Russian foreign policy at the beginning of the 19th century
century?
How did the Russian-French develop?
relations at the beginning of the 19th century? Memo - algorithm
to study the material
about wars
Causes and nature of the war:
1. the main contradictions that led to the war;
2.preparation for war, balance of forces;
3. the reason for the war and its beginning;
Progress of the war:
1.plans of the parties;
2.main stages and main battles;
3. end of the war, peace conditions, results.
The meaning of war. Progress of hostilities
On the night of June 12, 1812, Napoleon's troops
numbering 608 thousand people invaded
borders of Russia. They were led by himself
the emperor and his famous commanders,
conquered all of Europe.
The Russian army consisted of only 210 thousand
soldiers and officers. Besides, she was
divided into three parts and dispersed
along the western border. The invasion of Napoleon's army into Russia Plans of the warring parties
France
prevent
Russian connections
armies and defeat them
the main forces are already
near the border;
take Moscow;
bringing Russia out of the war,
turn it into
dependent state;
through the territory
Russia to strike at
England, depriving it of India
Russia
It was assumed that
Napoleon will be
step on
Petersburg and therefore
general battle
it was planned to give
near the border by forces
1st Army at
army support
Bagration However, the Russian plans
General Staff
failed to implement. IN
conditions of rapid
the enemy's advance was
the only true one was chosen
course of action - at any cost
save troops and, without entering
into a general battle
connect forces 1st and 2nd
armies. With great difficulty
managed to implement
connection of troops.
But the failures of the first weeks
wars have created in society
deep despondency. On this
were heard more and more often in the background
calls for appointment
commander-in-chief of the Russian
the army of His Serene Highness Prince
M.I. Kutuzova. Taking command
army in August, Kutuzov
announced that his actions
predecessors were
quite true, and
retreated even closer to
Moscow. Only 110 km. from
ancient capital,
not far from the village
Borodino, he decided to give
general battle
Napoleon.
The forces of the parties were
approximately equal:
France - 135 thousand
men and 587 guns
Russia-132 thousand people
and 640 guns. And then we found a large field:
There is somewhere to go for a walk in the wild!
They built a redoubt.
Our ears are on top!
A little morning the guns lit up
And the forests have blue tops. The French are right there. We were there for two days
in a shootout.
What's the use of this
trinket?
We were waiting for the third
day.
Steel everywhere
speeches are heard:
"It's time to get there
to the buckshot!
And here on the field
menacing battle
The shadow of the night fell. Well, it was a day! Through
volatile smoke
The French have moved
like clouds
And everything is at our redoubt,
Lancers with motleys
icons,
Dragoons with horses
tails,
Everyone flashed by
in front of us
Everyone has been here. You will never see such battles!
Banners were worn like shadows,
The fire glittered in the smoke.
Damask steel sounded, buckshot screamed,
The soldiers' hands are tired of stabbing,
And prevented the cannonballs from flying
A mountain of bloody bodies. The enemy knew that day
a lot,
What does Russian battle mean?
daring,
Our hand-to-hand combat!..
The earth shook - like ours
breasts;
The horses mixed together,
People,
And volleys of a thousand guns
Merged into a drawn-out
howl... It's getting dark.
Everyone was there
ready,
Fight in the morning
start a new one.
They started to crack
drums –
And they retreated
Basurmans.
Then count
we have become
wounds,
Comrades
count. - Yes, there were people
Nowadays,
- Not that
current
tribe:
Bogatyrs - not
You!
- Bad for them
got a share:
- Few
returned from
fields..
- Don't be so
God's will
I wouldn't give it away battle of Borodino
lasted 12 hours.
Illustrious
French commander
didn't solve a single one in it
of the assigned tasks.
Covering the battlefield with thousands
corpses, he captured
main strongholds
Russian position -
Semenovskaya height
(Bagration flushes) and
Kurgan height
(Raevsky’s battery), but not
was able to develop success.
The history of all his battles
I didn't know anything like this
examples. Homework
Read §4 and answer the questions:
How to explain the retreat of the Russian army in the first months
war?
Prepare reports on the commanders of the Russian army of the period
Patriotic War of 1812 (individually)
Using the battle diagram, illustrations and additional
materials, imagine yourself as a war journalist and
https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
“It’s not for nothing that all Russia remembers” The Battle of Borodino 1812 Presentation by teacher of the 1st qualification category Irina Sergeevna Glotova (MKDOU “Elan-Kolenovsky kindergarten No. 1”)
Historical background The Battle of Borodino is a battle on the Moscow River, the largest in the War of 1812. It took place on August 26 near the village of Borodino between the Russian and French armies. It is considered the bloodiest in the history of one-day battles.
The main participants in the battle Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov General - Field Marshal A statesman who, precisely in this war, proved himself as a strategist and led the people's war against foreign invaders.
Napoleon Banopard A great figure, a true Frenchman, commander and famous emperor. Before the War of 1812, Napoleon had only victories. And only the Russian army was able to break the onslaught of French troops.
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Slide captions:
The beginning of the battle On September 3, 1812, the Russian army settled down near the village of Borodino. It was here that Commander-in-Chief M.I. Kutuzov decided to give Napoleon’s army a decisive battle.
The first attack on September 7 at 5 o'clock in the morning, the French carefully approached Borodino. There was fog. But the enemy was spotted. The command “Fire!” flew. And hand-to-hand combat ensued. However, the forces were not equal and the Russian army retreated beyond the Kolomna River. The French moved on, but were driven back. A team of our sailors is dismantling the crossing. At the same time, the attack on Bagration begins.
Russian cavalry against the French Around noon of the same day, Kutuzov gave the order for our cavalry to raid behind the French lines. Having forded the Kolocha River, General Uvarov’s detachment moved to Napoleonic positions near the village of Bezzubovo. There was an Italian division stationed there, which did not take the fight and galloped away.
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Slide captions:
PATRIOTIC WAR BATTLE OF BORODino 1812 Performed by primary school teacher Androsenko Marina Nikolaevna
The Emperor of France, Napoleon Bonaparte, dreamed of world domination. “I will be the master of the world!” By the beginning of the 19th century, Napoleon I conquered almost all of Europe.
The forces were not equal, the Russian troops had to retreat. Napoleon's army quickly moved towards Moscow.
Emperor Alexander I appointed Kutuzov commander-in-chief of the Russian troops
Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov began his service in the army during the reign of Catherine II. Served under the command of A.V. Suvorov. More than once Kutuzov’s life was in danger. The eye was knocked out by a bullet and the neck was shot. Napoleon called Kutuzov “a fox with a pack” for his ability to outwit the enemy.
Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief. The soldiers rejoiced: “Kutuzov came to beat the French!”
Kutuzov decided to fight the main battle not far from Moscow, near the village of Borodino. And it happened on August 26, 1812 and lasted the whole day!
Field Marshal General Prince Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly In the Battle of Borodino, he led the defense of the center and right flank, earning high praise from M.I. Kutuzov, was awarded the Order of St. George, II class.
In the Battle of Borodino, his troops took on the main blow of Napoleon's troops at the beginning of the battle. Bagration personally led his units in counterattacks, in one of which he received a serious wound and was taken from the battlefield, first to Moscow, and then to the village. Sims, where he died and was buried. In 1839, his ashes were reburied on the Borodino field. Lieutenant General Prince Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration
The main blow was delivered to the Russian left flank, to the Semenov (Bagrationov) flushes, which were the advanced artillery fortifications of the overall defense system of the left flank. Fierce fighting in this direction lasted almost until noon.
Fierce battles took place for Kurgan Heights. Our Russian battery was located on it. Soldiers fought here under the command of N.N. Raevsky.
General Raevsky showed extraordinary heroism in the Battle of Borodino. A battery of 18 guns stood on Kurgan Heights on the right flank. It was surrounded by a parapet more than two meters high and surrounded by a wide ditch two meters deep. The height was defended by the infantry corps of General Raevsky, and therefore the battery was called “Raevsky’s battery.” The French attacked, but when they met the fire of our cannons, they retreated. Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky - Russian commander
The great Russian poet and writer M.Yu. Lermontov wrote in his poem “Borodino”: “The enemy learned a lot that day, What does Russian daring combat mean, Our hand-to-hand combat!..”
“The earth shook - like our breasts; Horses and people mingled in a heap, And the volleys of a thousand guns Merged into a drawn-out howl...”
Late in the evening the battle was over. Both sides suffered huge losses. Everyone was preparing for a new battle, but Kutuzov ordered a retreat to Moscow. Napoleon followed, but did not strive for a new battle.
At the beginning of September, a military council of the Russian command took place in the village of Fili. Kutuzov, contrary to the general opinion of the generals, decided to leave Moscow without a fight. “With the loss of Moscow, Russia is not yet lost,” Kutuzov said. And he turned out to be right.
The French army entered the capital, but the occupation of Moscow did not benefit Napoleon. Abandoned by the inhabitants (an unprecedented case in history), it burned in the fire. There was no food or other supplies in it.
The French army was completely demoralized and turned into a bunch of robbers and marauders. Its decomposition was so strong that Napoleon had only two options - either immediately make peace or begin a retreat. But all the peace proposals of the French emperor were unconditionally rejected by M.I. Kutuzov and Alexander I, and the French left Moscow..
The retreat of the French army looked like a disorderly flight. It was accelerated by the unfolding partisan movement and the offensive actions of Russian troops. The troops of the glorious hussar Davydov became especially famous.
Denis Vasilyevich Davydov, lieutenant general and leader of the partisan movement. Davydov's troops inflicted enormous damage on the enemy. The French even announced a reward for his capture, but they could not do anything. Davydov’s troops attacked the enemy like a whirlwind, intercepted convoys, and took prisoners.
Many French soldiers were sick and suffered from hunger. A strong fire destroyed many buildings in Moscow, and there was nowhere to live. And Napoleon's troops left the city.
The strengthened Russian army blocked Napoleon's path to retreat at Maloyaroslavets. Napoleon was forced to retreat along the devastated road along which his troops invaded Russia.
In mid-December, the invaders were expelled from Russian territory.
The Battle of Borodino is considered the bloodiest one-day battle in history.
The Patriotic War of 1812 became a severe test for the Russian people. All Russian classes, regardless of state rank and property status, stood up to defend their Fatherland. That's why it was called Patriotic.
Monuments of the Patriotic War of 1812 in Moscow. Museum - panorama "Battle of Borodino" Monument to M. I. Kutuzov
Kutuzovsky Avenue in honor of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army M.I. Kutuzova.
Created by the architect O. Bove in 1826-1828 in honor of the victory of Russian weapons in the Patriotic War of 1812. Arc de Triomphe.
Borodinsky Bridge connects Smolenskaya Square with Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya Street and Kievsky Station.
Cathedral of Christ the Savior In the very center of Moscow, this huge and majestic monument to the heroes of 1812 was erected using public donations.
Alexander Garden Named in honor of Alexander I. It was opened after the Great Fire of 1812.
The Moscow Manege was built in honor of the 5th anniversary of the victory over Napoleon for parades, troop reviews, drills and horse riding. Now this is the Exhibition Hall.
Answer the questions: 1. Why is the War of 1812 called the Patriotic War? Where and when did the main battle of this war take place? Because all the people of our country fought, tried to do everything they could. August 26, 1812 near the village of Borodino.
3. What do you remember about Kutuzov? 4. Which heroes of the Patriotic War do you remember?
YOUNG GUYS!
The presentation was prepared by Primary School Teacher GBOU Gymnasium No. 1576 SPsh 743 Androsenko Marina Nikolaevna
summary of presentations
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Slide 2
Historical reference
Slide 3
In this battle, the French gained the glory of being victorious, and the Russians gained the glory of being invincible.”
Napoleon Bonaparte.
Slide 4
Slide 5
Napoleon Bonaparte
Slide 6
1769-1821
Slide 7
The invasion of Napoleon's army into Russia
Slide 8
Slide 9
Slide 10
Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov gave battle to the French.
Slide 11
KUTUZOV Mikhail Illarionovich (1745-1813), His Serene Highness Prince of Smolensk, Russian commander, Field Marshal General
Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief of all armies operating against Napoleon
Student of Alexander Suvorov
Slide 12
- prevent the connection of Russian armies and defeat their main forces already near the border;
- take Moscow;
- taking Russia out of the war, turning it into a dependent state;
- strike England through Russian territory, depriving it of India
- It was assumed that Napoleon would attack St. Petersburg and therefore a general battle was planned to be fought near the border by the forces of the 1st Army with the support of Bagration’s army
Plans of the warring parties
Slide 13
Forces of the warring parties
Slide 14
Slide 15
All day long, cannon cannonade thundered over the field, cavalry attacks replaced one another, more and more infantry regiments went on the attack. Both armies suffered huge losses, but neither side was able to win. By the end of the day, the armies remained in their original positions.
Slide 16
Slide 17
Napoleon directed the main blow at the earthen fortifications - flushes. They were protected by soldiers under the command of General Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration.
Napoleon's plan provided for a breakthrough of the Russian defense in the area of the Bagration fleshies and the encirclement of Kutuzov's army, and when it was pressed against the Koloch River - its complete defeat.
Slide 18
For about 6 o'clock the soldiers held back the enemy's onslaught. 7 times the French army attacked Bagration's flushes. Napoleon sent his best regiments, hardened in dozens of battles, against Bagration.
During the battle, P.I. Bagration was wounded by a fragment of grapeshot. The mortally wounded commander was taken to the Vladimir province, to the village of Sima. On September 24 he passed away.
Slide 19
Fragments of the panorama “Battle of Borodino”
Slide 20
The 12-hour battle, during which the French managed to capture the positions of the Russian army in the center and on the left wing, ended with the withdrawal of the French army after the cessation of hostilities to their original positions. The next day the Russian army resumed its retreat
Slide 21
The Russian army retreated, but retained its combat effectiveness...
Slide 22
Russian troops under the command of General M.I. Kutuzov, with stubborn heroic defense and skillful actions, thwarted Napoleonic plan to defeat the Russian army in a general battle
It was not for nothing that this battle was called the “battle of the generals”: the Russians had 6 generals killed and 23 wounded, the French had even more - 12 killed and 38 wounded
Slide 23
The end of the Battle of Borodino
Slide 24
The French entered Moscow, but did not feel like winners. A few days later, fires started in the city.
Slide 25
They fly under the sky with a howl, with brilliance, Through menacing clouds, death and thunder And pour flames with a crash On every temple, on every house. Terrible lightning yawns Over the heights of the entire capital, And Moscow lights up. Black smoke spreads, swirls, And everything stops glowing.
Slide 26
Miserable Moscow is burning, Moscow is burning for twelve days; Under the noisy flames, the untold wealth in it is smoldering: All the temple decorations, Their age-old treasures, The splendor of the palaces.....
Slide 27
Without waiting for proposals for peace, Napoleon decided to leave Moscow. The retreat of his army from Russia began.
