Every homeowner knows that it is very important to correctly calculate the number of sections of heating radiators; a calculator for this has long been developed and is successfully used by developers. The correct selection of heating radiators is necessary because if there are not enough battery sections, the building will not warm up during the heating season; if there is an excess number of radiators in one room, heating costs will increase unjustifiably. After all, the main task of the heating system is to ensure comfortable temperature conditions in residential buildings in winter, and therefore it is necessary to calculate the required number of sections of the heating system.

Does the material of the device matter?

The most popular radiators today are:

• cast iron;
• steel;
• aluminum;
• bimetallic (they are made from an alloy of steel and aluminum).

The main thing you need to know before calculating the heating is that the material of the battery does not play any role. Steel radiators, aluminum or cast iron - it doesn’t matter. You need to know the power rating of the device. Thermal power is equal to the amount of heat that is given off to them during the cooling process from the heating temperature to 20°C. The table of thermal power indicators is indicated by the manufacturer for each product model. Let's take a closer look at how to calculate the number of heating radiators by area or volume of a room using a simple calculator.

Determining the number of battery fins by heated area

Heating calculations based on room area are approximate. With its help, you can calculate the number of battery sections that will fit a room with low ceilings (2.4-2.6 m). Building codes provide for thermal power within 100 W per 1 sq. m. m. Knowing this, we calculate heating radiators for a specific case as follows: the living area is multiplied by 100 W.

For example, it is necessary to carry out calculations for a living area of ​​15 square meters. m:

15×100=1500 W=1.5 kW.

The resulting figure is divided by the heat transfer of one radiator section. This indicator is indicated by the battery manufacturer. For example, the heat transfer of one section is 170 W, then in our example the required number of fins will be equal to:

We round the result to a whole number and get 9. As a rule, the result is rounded up. But when making calculations for rooms with low heat loss (for example, a kitchen), rounding can be done downwards.

It is worth noting that this figure of 100 W is suitable for calculations in those rooms that have one window and one wall facing the outside. If this indicator is calculated for a room with one window and a pair of external walls, you should use the figure 120 W per 1 sq. m. And if the room has 2 window openings and 2 external walls, the calculation uses an indicator of 130 W per square meter.

It is imperative to take into account possible heat losses in each case. It is clear that a corner room or if there is a loggia should be heated more. In this case, it is necessary to increase the calculated thermal power by 20%. This must also be done if the elements of the heating system will be mounted behind the screen or in a niche.

How to make calculations based on the volume of the room

If heating calculations are made for rooms with high ceilings or non-standard layouts, for a private house the volume should be taken into account when calculating.

In this case, almost similar mathematical operations are performed as in the previous case. Based on the recommendations of SNiP, in order to heat 1 m³ of a room during the heating period, a thermal power of 41 W is required.

First of all, the required amount of heat to warm up the room is determined, and then the heating radiators are calculated. To calculate the volume of a room, its area is multiplied by the height of the ceilings.

The resulting figure must be multiplied by 41 W. But this applies to apartments and premises in panel houses. In modern buildings equipped with double-glazed windows and external thermal insulation, the calculation uses a thermal power of 34 W per 1 m³.

Example. Let us calculate heating radiators for a room area of ​​15 square meters. m with a ceiling height of 2.7 m. We calculate the volume of the living space:

15×2.7=40.5 cu. m.

Then the thermal power will be equal to:

40.5×41=1660 W=16.6 kW.

We determine the required number of radiator fins by dividing the resulting figure by the heat transfer rate of one fin:

We round the resulting figure to 10. The result is 10 sections.

It often happens that manufacturers overestimate the heat transfer performance of their products, counting on the maximum temperature of the coolant in the system. In practice, compliance with this condition is rare, and therefore, when calculating the number of battery sections, you need to use the minimum heat transfer figures specified in the product data sheet.

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Calculation of radiator power: calculator and battery material

The calculation of radiators begins with the selection of the heating devices themselves. This is not necessary for battery-powered systems, since the system is electronic, but for standard heating you will have to use a formula or calculator. Batteries are distinguished by the material they are made of. Each option has its own power. Much depends on the required number of sections and dimensions of heating devices.

Types of radiators:

• Bimetallic;
• Aluminum;
• Steel;
• Cast iron.

For bimetallic radiators, 2 types of metal are used: aluminum and steel. The internal base is made of durable steel. The outer side is made of aluminum. It provides a good increase in heat transfer of the device. The result is a reliable system with good power. Heat transfer is affected by the center spacing and the specific radiator model.

The power of Rifar radiators is 204 W with a center spacing of 50 cm. Other manufacturers provide products with lower performance.

For an aluminum radiator, the thermal output is similar to bimetallic devices. Typically, this indicator with an interaxial distance of 50 cm is 180-190 W. More expensive devices have power up to 210 W.

Aluminum is often used to organize individual heating in a private home. The design of the devices is quite simple, but the devices are distinguished by excellent heat transfer. Such radiators are not resistant to water hammer, so they cannot be used for central heating.

When calculating the power of a bimetallic and aluminum radiator, the indicator of one section is taken into account, since the devices have a monolithic design. For steel compositions, the calculation is performed for the entire battery at certain dimensions. The choice of such devices should be made taking into account their number of rows.

Heat transfer measurements for cast iron radiators range from 120 to 150 W. In some cases, the power can reach 180 W. Cast iron is resistant to corrosion and can operate at a pressure of 10 bar. They can be used in any buildings.

Disadvantages of cast iron products:

• Heavy - 70 kg weigh 10 sections with a distance of 50 cm;
• Complicated installation due to heaviness;
• Takes longer to warm up and uses more heat.

When choosing which battery to buy, take into account the power of one section. This is how a device with the required number of compartments is determined. With an interaxial distance of 50 cm, the power of the structure is 175 W. And at a distance of 30 cm, the indicator is measured as 120 W.

Calculator for calculating heating radiators by area

The area register calculator is the easiest way to determine the required number of radiators per 1m2. Calculations are made based on power production standards. There are 2 main requirements of the norms, taking into account the climatic characteristics of the region.

Basic standards:

• For temperate climates, the required power is 60-100 W;
• For northern regions the norm is 150-200 W.

Many people are interested in why the standards have such a wide range. But the power is selected based on the initial parameters of the house. Concrete buildings require maximum power ratings. Brick - medium, insulated - low.

All standards are taken into account with an average maximum shelf height of 2.7 m.

To calculate the sections, you will need to multiply the area by the norm and divide by the heat transfer of one section. Depending on the radiator model, the power of one section is taken into account. This information can be found in the technical data. Everything is quite simple and does not present any particular difficulties.

Calculator for simple calculation of heating radiators per area

The calculator is an effective calculation option. For a room measuring 10 square meters, you will need 1 kW (1000 W). But this is provided that the room is not corner and double glazed windows are installed. To find out the number of fins of panel devices, you need to divide the required power by the heat transfer of one section.

In this case, the height of the ceilings is taken into account. If they are higher than 3.5 m, then the number of sections will need to be increased by one. And if the room is corner, then add plus one compartment.

The thermal power reserve is taken into account. This is 10-20% of the calculated figure. This is necessary in case of extreme cold.

The heat transfer of the sections is specified in the technical data. For aluminum and bimetallic batteries, the power of one section is taken into account. For cast iron appliances, the heat transfer of the entire radiator is taken as a basis.

Calculator for accurately calculating the number of heating radiator sections

A simple calculation does not take into account many factors. The result is distorted data. Then some rooms remain cold, others remain too hot. The temperature can be controlled using shut-off valves, but it is better to accurately calculate everything in advance in order to use the right amount of materials.

For accurate calculations, decreasing and increasing thermal coefficients are used. First you should pay attention to the windows. For single glazing, a coefficient of 1.7 is used. Double windows do not require a factor. For triples the figure is 0.85.

If the windows are single and there is no thermal insulation, then the heat loss will be quite large.

When calculating, take into account the ratio of the area of ​​floors and windows. The ideal ratio is 30%. Then a coefficient of 1 is applied. When the ratio increases by 10%, the coefficient increases by 0.1.

Coefficients for different ceiling heights:

• If the ceiling is below 2.7 m, the coefficient is not needed;
• For indicators from 2.7 to 3.5 m, a coefficient of 1.1 is used;
• When the height is 3.5-4.5 m, a coefficient of 1.2 will be required.

In the presence of attics or upper floors, certain coefficients are also applied. For a warm attic, an indicator of 0.9 is used, for a living room - 0.8. For unheated attics take 1.

Volume calculator for calculating heat for heating a room

Similar calculations are used for rooms that are too high or too low. In this case, it is calculated based on the volume of the room. So for 1 cubic meter you need 51 W of battery power. The calculation formula looks like this: A=B*41

Explanation of the formula:

• A - how many sections are needed;
• B is the volume of the room.

To find the volume, multiply the length by the height and width. If the battery is divided into sections, then the total demand is divided by the power of the whole battery. It is customary to round up the resulting calculations, since companies often increase the capacity of their equipment.

How to calculate the number of radiator sections per room: errors

Thermal power behind the formulas is calculated taking into account ideal conditions. Ideally, the coolant temperature at the inlet is 90 degrees, and at the outlet - 70. If the temperature in the house is maintained at 20 degrees, then the warm pressure of the system will be 70 degrees. But at the same time, one of the indicators will definitely differ.

First you need to calculate the temperature drop of the system. We take the initial data: temperature at the inlet and outlet, in the room. Next, we determine the system delta: you will need to calculate the arithmetic mean between the indicators at the input and output, then subtract the temperature in the room.

The resulting delta should be found in the conversion table and the power multiplied by this coefficient. As a result, it receives the power of one section. The table consists of only two columns: delta and coefficient. We get the indicator in watt. This power is used to calculate the number of batteries.

Features of heating calculations

It is often stated that 100 W is enough for 1 square meter. But these indicators are superficial. They don't take into account many factors that are worth knowing.

Required data for calculation:

1. Room area.
2. Number of external walls. They cool the premises.
3. Sides of the world. It is important whether it is a sunny or shaded side.
4. Winter wind rose. Where it is quite windy in winter, the room will be cold. All data is taken into account by the calculator.
5. The climate of the region is minimal temperatures. It is enough to take the average indicators.
6. Wall masonry - how many bricks were used, is there insulation.
7. Window. Their area, insulation, type are taken into account.
8. Number of doors. It is worth remembering that they take away heat and bring in cold.
9. Battery insertion diagram.

In addition, the power of one radiator section is always taken into account. Thanks to this, you can find out how many radiators to hang in one line. The calculator greatly simplifies calculations, since many data are unchanged.

homeli.ru

Why is an accurate calculation necessary?

Before calculating the number of sections of heating radiators, it would be useful to know the purpose of this operation. Most often this is an economic benefit and ensuring the required level of temperature in the room.

Ensuring a comfortable temperature in the home

Ensuring a certain constant temperature in the room is the most obvious answer to the question why it is necessary to calculate the number of sections of heating radiators. The room temperature will depend not only on the battery power, but also on a number of other parameters:

• coolant temperature in the radiator;
• degree of insulation of the house;
• temperature outside the window;
• type of radiators;
• room area;
• ceiling heights.

When subsequently considering the calculation formulas, most of these parameters will appear in them.

Energy savings

Regardless of the type of energy carrier used to heat the house (gas, electricity or solid fuel), its excessive consumption not only results in too high a room temperature, but also leads to increased costs. Therefore, calculating heating radiators allows you to significantly save energy costs.

A simple way to calculate radiators by area

A large number of parameters can take part in calculating the power of a heating device and the number of its sections. Calculating heating radiators per area is the simplest method; even a person without special education and who has nothing to do with heating engineering can do it.

The essence of this method is that per 1 square meter of heated area there should be 100 W of heating device power. In this case, the number of battery sections will be calculated using the following algorithm: N= (S*100)/P, where S is the area of ​​the heated room, N is the number of radiator sections, P is the power of each section.

It is worth noting that this formula is relevant for standard houses with a ceiling height of 2.5 meters. If the heated room is corner or has a large window and a balcony, then it is recommended to adjust the calculation result by 20%.

Accurate methods for calculating heating radiators

If the heated room is not typical, then it is better to abandon the average formula for calculating heating radiators. If the ceiling height exceeds 2.5 meters, then it is more advisable to use a calculation formula that depends not on the area, but on the volume of the heated room. Finding out the volume of a room is not difficult - you just need to multiply its area by its height. Building regulations state that per cubic meter of heated area there should be 41 W of radiator power.

Then the formula for calculating the number of radiator sections is as follows: N= S*H*41/P, where S is the area of ​​the room, H is the height of the room, N is the number of radiator sections, P is the power of one section.

Calculating the number of heating radiator sections in a private house should take into account the quality of the glazing of window openings, the degree of insulation of the house and other parameters. In this case, the calculation formula is as follows: N=100*S*K1*K2*K3*K4*K5*K6*K7/ P, where:

• N - number of radiator sections;
• S is the area of ​​the heated room;
• K1 - glazing coefficient (for a regular window it is 1.27; for a double-glazed window - 1; for a triple-glazed window - 0.87);
• K2 - the insulation coefficient of the house, with poor insulation - equal to 1.27; with satisfactory -1; with good - 0.85;
• K3 - ratio of window area to floor area (50% coefficient is 1.2; 40% - 1.1, 30% -1; 20% - 0.9; 10% - 0.8);
• K4 - temperature coefficient, taking into account the average room temperature in the coldest week (at 35 degrees, it will be equal to 1.5; at 25 - 1.3; at 20 - 1.1; at 15 degrees - 0.9; at 10 - 0.7);
• K5 - taking into account the number of external walls (for a room with one wall the coefficient is 1.1; for a room with two walls - 1.2; with three - 1.3);
• K6 - coefficient taking into account the nature of the room on the floor above (for an unheated attic the coefficient is equal to one, for a heated utility room - 0.9; for a heated room - 0.7);
• K7 is a coefficient that takes into account the height of the ceilings (for a standard ceiling height of 2.5 m, the coefficient is equal to one; 3 meters - 1.05; 3.5 m - 1.1; 4 m - 1.15).

Any of these parameters in which you are unsure should be taken as one, so it is excluded from the calculation and considered standard.

Calculating the number of radiators using a calculator

To perform calculations using any of the above formulas, you will need a little time and ability to handle numbers. If you do not have a penchant for exact sciences and free time, then it is more advisable to use a specially designed calculator.

If a decision has been made to calculate heating in a private home, the calculator will become an indispensable assistant. In it, you select the parameters of your home that affect the power of the heating device, and the program automatically applies the coefficients:

• room area;
• ceiling height;
• temperature;
• glazing;
• the number of external walls and other factors.

All you have to do is enter all these parameters and in an instant get the desired figure to calculate the number of heating radiator sections for your room.

It is worth noting that when calculating, the calculator uses the same algorithms and formulas as given above, so software and independent calculations do not differ in quality at all.

Bottom line

Calculate the number of radiator sections as accurately as possible and take into account as many factors and criteria as possible. This will ensure maximum comfort in the home and minimal energy costs.

vsadu.ru

Section (heating radiator)- the smallest structural element of a heating radiator battery.

Usually it is a hollow cast iron or aluminum double-tube structure, finned to improve thermal transfer by radiation and convection.

Radiator sections heating systems are connected to each other into batteries using radiator nipples, the supply and removal of coolant (steam or hot water) is made through screwed-in couplings, excess (unused) holes are plugged with threaded plugs into which a valve is sometimes screwed in to drain air from the heating system. The assembled battery is usually painted after assembly.

Calculator for the number of sections in heating radiators

Online calculator for calculating the required number of radiator sections for heating a given room with a known heat transfer

Formula for calculating the number of radiator sections

N = S/t*100*w*h*r

• N — number of radiator sections;
• S is the area of ​​the room;
• t is the amount of heat to heat the room;
• w - window coefficient
  • Conventional glazing - 1.1;
  • Plastic (double glazing) - 1;
• h - ceiling height coefficient;
  • up to 2.7 meters - 1;
  • from 2.7 to 3.5 meters - 1.1;
• r - room placement coefficient:
  • not angular - 1;
  • corner - 1.

The required amount to heat a room (t) is calculated by multiplying the area of ​​the room by 100 W. That is, to heat a room of 18 m2, you need 18*100=1800 W or 1.8 kW of heat

Synonyms: radiator, heating, heat, battery, sections of the radiator, radiator.

wpcalc.com

Purpose of calculations

Regulatory documentation on heating (SNiP 2.04.05-91, SNiP 3.05-01-85), construction climatology (SP 131.13330.2012) and thermal protection of buildings (SNiP 23-02-2003) requires the heating equipment of a residential building to fulfill the following conditions:

• Ensuring full compensation of heat losses of the home in cold weather;
• Maintaining nominal temperatures in the premises of a private home or public building, regulated by sanitary and construction standards. In particular, a bathroom requires a temperature within 25 degrees C, while a living room requires a temperature significantly lower, only 18 degrees C.

Heating battery assembled with an excessive number of sections

Using a heating system calculation calculator, the thermal power of a radiator is determined for efficient heating of a living space or utility room within a specified temperature range, after which the radiator format is adjusted.

Area calculation method

The algorithm for calculating heating radiators by area consists of comparing the thermal power of the device (indicated by the manufacturer in the product passport) and the area of ​​the room in which heating installation is planned. When setting the problem of how to calculate the number of heating radiators, the amount of heat that needs to be obtained from heating devices to heat a home is first determined in accordance with sanitary standards. For this purpose, heating engineers have introduced the so-called heating power indicator per square or cubic meter of room volume. Its average values ​​are determined for several climatic regions, in particular:

• regions with a temperate climate (Moscow and Moscow region) - from 50 to 100 W/sq. m;
• regions of the Urals and Siberia - up to 150 W/sq. m;
• for regions of the North - from 150 to 200 W/sq.m. is required. m.

The sequence of thermotechnical calculations for heating a private home through the area of ​​the heated room is as follows:

1. The estimated area of ​​the room S, expressed in square meters, is determined. meters;
2. The resulting area value S is multiplied by the heating power indicator adopted for a given climatic region. To simplify calculations, it is often taken to be 100 W per square meter. As a result of multiplying S by 100 W/sq. meter, the amount of heat Q pom required to heat the room is obtained;
3. The resulting value of Q pom must be divided by the radiator power indicator (heat transfer) Q rad.

1. The required number of radiator sections is determined by the formula:

N= Q pom / Q rad. The result obtained is rounded upward.

Radiator heat transfer parameters

On the market of sectional batteries for heating residential buildings, products made of cast iron, steel, aluminum and bimetallic models are widely represented. The table shows the heat transfer rates of the most popular sectional heaters.

Values ​​of heat transfer parameters of modern sectional radiators

Radiator model, material of manufacture	Heat dissipation, W
Cast iron M-140 (an accordion proven over decades)	155
Viadrus KALOR 500/70?	110
Viadrus KALOR 500/130?	191
Kermi steel radiators	up to 13173
Arbonia steel radiators	up to 2805
Bimetallic RIFAR Base	204
RIFAR Alp	171
Aluminum Royal Termo Optimal	195
Royal Termo Evolution	205
Bimetallic RoyalTermo BiLiner	171

Comparing the tabular indicators of cast iron and bimetallic batteries, which are most adapted to the parameters of central heating, it is easy to note their identity, which facilitates calculations when choosing a method of heating a residential building.

Identity of cast iron and bimetallic batteries when calculating power

Clarifying coefficients

To clarify the calculator for determining the number of sections for heating a room, correction factors are introduced into the simplified formula N = Q pom / Q rad, taking into account various factors affecting heat exchange inside a private home. Then the valueQpomdetermined by the refined formula:

Q pom = S*100*K 1 * K 2 *K 3 *K 4 * K 5 *K 6 .

In this formula, correction factors take into account the following factors:

• K 1 – to take into account the method of glazing windows. For conventional glazing K 1 = 1.27, for double glazing K 1 = 1.0, for triple glazing K 1 = 0.85;
• K 2 takes into account the deviation of the ceiling height from the standard size of 2.7 meters. K 2 is determined by dividing the height size by 2.7 m. For example, for a room 3 meters high, the coefficient K 2 = 3.0/2.7 = 1.11;
• K 3 adjusts heat transfer depending on the installation location of the radiator sections.

Values ​​of the correction factor K3 depending on the battery installation scheme

• K 4 correlates the location of the external walls with the intensity of heat transfer. If there is only one outer wall, then K = 1.1. For the corner room there are already two external walls, respectively, K = 1.2. For a separate room with four external walls K=1.4.
• K 5 is necessary for adjustment if there is a room above the calculation room: if there is a cold attic above, then K = 1, for a heated attic K = 0.9 and for a heated room above K = 0.8;
• K 6 makes adjustments to the ratio of window and floor areas. If the window area is only 10% of the floor area, then K = 0.8. For stained glass windows with an area of ​​up to 40% of the floor area K=1.2.

aqueo.ru

Calculation of heating radiators by area

The easiest way. Calculate the amount of heat required for heating, based on the area of ​​the room in which the radiators will be installed. You know the area of ​​each room, and the heat requirement can be determined according to SNiP building codes:

• for the average climate zone, 60-100 W are required for heating 1 m 2 of living space;
• for areas above 60 o, 150-200 W are required.

Based on these standards, you can calculate how much heat your room will require. If the apartment/house is located in the middle climate zone, heating an area of ​​16 m 2 will require 1600 W of heat (16*100=1600). Since the standards are average, and the weather is not constant, we believe that 100W is required. Although, if you live in the south of the middle climate zone and your winters are mild, count 60W.

A power reserve in heating is needed, but not very large: with an increase in the amount of power required, the number of radiators increases. And the more radiators, the more coolant in the system. If for those who are connected to central heating this is not critical, then for those who have or are planning individual heating, a large volume of the system means large (extra) costs for heating the coolant and greater inertia of the system (the set temperature is less accurately maintained). And a logical question arises: “Why pay more?”

Having calculated the room's heat requirement, we can find out how many sections are required. Each heating device can produce a certain amount of heat, which is indicated in the passport. Take the found heat requirement and divide it by the radiator power. The result is the required number of sections to make up for losses.

Let's count the number of radiators for the same room. We determined that 1600W needed to be allocated. Let the power of one section be 170W. It turns out 1600/170 = 9.411 pieces. You can round up or down at your discretion. You can turn it into a smaller one, for example, in the kitchen - there are plenty of additional heat sources there, and a larger one - better in a room with a balcony, a large window or in a corner room.

The system is simple, but the disadvantages are obvious: ceiling heights can be different, wall material, windows, insulation and a number of other factors are not taken into account. So the calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators according to SNiP is approximate. For an accurate result, you need to make adjustments.

How to calculate radiator sections by room volume

This calculation takes into account not only the area, but also the height of the ceilings, because all the air in the room needs to be heated. So this approach is justified. And in this case the technique is similar. We determine the volume of the room, and then, according to the standards, we find out how much heat is needed to heat it:

• in a panel house, heating a cubic meter of air requires 41 W;
• in a brick house per m 3 - 34 W.

Let's calculate everything for the same room with an area of ​​16m2 and compare the results. Let the ceiling height be 2.7m. Volume: 16*2.7=43.2m3.

• In a panel house. The heat required for heating is 43.2m 3 *41V=1771.2W. If we take all the same sections with a power of 170 W, we get: 1771 W/170 W = 10,418 pcs (11 pcs).
• In a brick house. The heat needed is 43.2m 3 *34W=1468.8W. We count the radiators: 1468.8W/170W=8.64pcs (9pcs).

As you can see, the difference is quite large: 11 pieces and 9 pieces. Moreover, when calculating by area, we got the average value (if rounded in the same direction) - 10 pcs.

Adjusting results

In order to obtain a more accurate calculation, you need to take into account as many factors as possible that reduce or increase heat loss. This is what the walls are made of and how well they are insulated, how large the windows are and what kind of glazing they have, how many walls in the room face the street, etc. To do this, there are coefficients by which you need to multiply the found values ​​of heat loss in the room.

Window

Windows account for 15% to 35% of heat loss. The specific figure depends on the size of the window and how well it is insulated. Therefore, there are two corresponding coefficients:

• ratio of window area to floor area:
  • 10% — 0,8
  • 20% — 0,9
  • 30% — 1,0
  • 40% — 1,1
  • 50% — 1,2
• glazing:
  • three-chamber double-glazed window or argon in a two-chamber double-glazed window - 0.85
  • ordinary double-glazed window - 1.0
  • regular double frames - 1.27.

Walls and roof

To account for losses, the material of the walls, the degree of thermal insulation, and the number of walls facing the street are important. Here are the coefficients for these factors.

Thermal insulation degree:

• brick walls two bricks thick are considered the norm - 1.0
• insufficient (absent) - 1.27
• good - 0.8

Presence of external walls:

• interior space - no losses, coefficient 1.0
• one - 1.1
• two - 1.2
• three - 1.3

The amount of heat loss is influenced by whether the room is located on top or not. If there is a habitable heated room on top (the second floor of a house, another apartment, etc.), the reduction factor is 0.7, if there is a heated attic - 0.9. It is generally accepted that an unheated attic does not affect the temperature in any way (coefficient 1.0).

If the calculation was carried out by area, and the ceiling height is non-standard (a height of 2.7 m is taken as the standard), then a proportional increase/decrease using a coefficient is used. It is considered easy. To do this, divide the actual ceiling height in the room by the standard 2.7 m. You get the required coefficient.

Let's do the math for example: let the ceiling height be 3.0m. We get: 3.0m/2.7m=1.1. This means that the number of radiator sections that was calculated by area for a given room must be multiplied by 1.1.

All these norms and coefficients were determined for apartments. To take into account the heat loss of a house through the roof and basement/foundation, you need to increase the result by 50%, that is, the coefficient for a private house is 1.5.

Climatic factors

Adjustments can be made depending on average winter temperatures:

• -10 o C and above - 0.7
• -15 o C - 0.9
• -20 o C - 1.1
• -25 o C - 1.3
• -30 o C - 1.5

Having made all the required adjustments, you will receive a more accurate number of radiators required to heat the room, taking into account the parameters of the premises. But these are not all the criteria that influence the power of thermal radiation. There are also technical subtleties, which we will discuss below.

Calculation of different types of radiators

If you are planning to install sectional radiators of a standard size (with an axial distance of 50 cm in height) and have already chosen the material, model and desired size, there should not be any difficulties in calculating their number. Most reputable companies that supply good heating equipment have on their website the technical data of all modifications, including thermal power. If it is not the power that is indicated, but the coolant flow rate, then it is easy to convert to power: the coolant flow rate of 1 l/min is approximately equal to the power of 1 kW (1000 W).

The axial distance of the radiator is determined by the height between the centers of the holes for supplying/removing coolant.

To make life easier for customers, many websites install a specially designed calculator program. Then the calculation of heating radiator sections comes down to entering data on your premises in the appropriate fields. And at the output you have the finished result: the number of sections of this model in pieces.

But if you’re just evaluating possible options, then it’s worth considering that radiators of the same size made of different materials have different thermal power. The method for calculating the number of sections of bimetallic radiators is no different from calculating aluminum, steel or cast iron. Only the thermal power of one section can be different.

• aluminum - 190W
• bimetallic - 185W
• cast iron - 145W.

If you are just figuring out which material to choose, you can use this data. For clarity, we present the simplest calculation of sections of bimetallic heating radiators, which takes into account only the area of ​​the room.

When determining the number of heating devices made of bimetal of a standard size (center distance 50 cm), it is assumed that one section can heat 1.8 m 2 of area. Then for a room of 16 m 2 you need: 16 m 2 /1.8 m 2 = 8.88 pcs. Let's round up - we need 9 sections.

We calculate similarly for cast iron or steel bars. All you need is the following rules:

• bimetallic radiator - 1.8m2
• aluminum - 1.9-2.0 m 2
• cast iron - 1.4-1.5 m 2.

This data is for sections with an interaxial distance of 50 cm. Today, there are models on sale with very different heights: from 60cm to 20cm and even lower. Models 20cm and below are called curb. Naturally, their power differs from the specified standard, and if you plan to use a “non-standard”, you will have to make adjustments. Either look for passport data, or do the math yourself. We proceed from the fact that the heat transfer of a heating device directly depends on its area. As the height decreases, the area of ​​the device decreases, and, therefore, the power decreases proportionally. That is, you need to find the ratio of the heights of the selected radiator with the standard, and then use this coefficient to correct the result.

For clarity, we will calculate aluminum radiators by area. The room is the same: 16m2. We count the number of sections of standard size: 16m 2 /2m 2 = 8 pcs. But we want to use small sections with a height of 40 cm. We find the ratio of radiators of the selected size to standard ones: 50cm/40cm=1.25. And now we adjust the quantity: 8pcs * 1.25 = 10pcs.

Adjustment depending on heating system mode

Manufacturers indicate the maximum power of radiators in the passport data: in high-temperature mode of use - the coolant temperature in the supply is 90 o C, in the return - 70 o C (indicated by 90/70) in the room there should be 20 o C. But in this mode, modern systems The heating works very rarely. Typically, a medium power mode of 75/65/20 or even a low temperature mode with parameters of 55/45/20 is used. It is clear that the calculation needs to be adjusted.

To take into account the operating mode of the system, it is necessary to determine the temperature pressure of the system. Temperature pressure is the difference between the temperature of the air and the heating devices. In this case, the temperature of the heating devices is considered as the arithmetic average between the supply and return values.

To make it clearer, we will calculate cast iron heating radiators for two modes: high temperature and low temperature, standard size sections (50cm). The room is the same: 16m2. One cast iron section heats 1.5 m 2 in high temperature mode 90/70/20. Therefore, we need 16m 2 / 1.5 m 2 = 10.6 pcs. Round up - 11 pcs. The system plans to use a low temperature mode of 55/45/20. Now let’s find the temperature difference for each of the systems:

• high temperature 90/70/20- (90+70)/2-20=60 o C;
• low temperature 55/45/20 - (55+45)/2-20=30 o C.

That is, if a low-temperature operating mode is used, twice as many sections will be needed to provide the room with heat. For our example, a room of 16 m2 requires 22 sections of cast iron radiators. The battery turns out to be big. This, by the way, is one of the reasons why this type of heating device is not recommended for use in networks with low temperatures.

With this calculation, you can also take into account the desired air temperature. If you want the room to be not 20 o C, but, for example, 25 o C, simply calculate the thermal pressure for this case and find the desired coefficient. Let's do the calculation for the same cast iron radiators: the parameters will be 90/70/25. We calculate the temperature difference for this case (90+70)/2-25=55 o C. Now we find the ratio 60 o C/55 o C=1.1. To ensure a temperature of 25 o C you need 11 pcs * 1.1 = 12.1 pcs.

Dependence of radiator power on connection and location

In addition to all the parameters described above, the heat transfer of the radiator varies depending on the type of connection. A diagonal connection with a supply from above is considered optimal; in this case, there is no loss of thermal power. The largest losses are observed with lateral connections - 22%. All others are average in efficiency. Approximate percentage losses are shown in the figure.

The actual power of the radiator also decreases in the presence of obstructing elements. For example, if a window sill hangs from above, the heat transfer drops by 7-8%; if it does not completely block the radiator, then the loss is 3-5%. When installing a mesh screen that does not reach the floor, the losses are approximately the same as in the case of an overhanging window sill: 7-8%. But if the screen completely covers the entire heating device, its heat transfer is reduced by 20-25%.

Determining the number of radiators for single-pipe systems

There is another very important point: all of the above is true for a two-pipe heating system, when a coolant with the same temperature enters the input of each radiator. A single-pipe system is considered much more complex: there, increasingly colder water flows to each subsequent heating device. And if you want to calculate the number of radiators for a one-pipe system, you need to recalculate the temperature every time, and this is difficult and time-consuming. Which exit? One of the possibilities is to determine the power of the radiators as for a two-pipe system, and then, in proportion to the drop in thermal power, add sections to increase the heat transfer of the battery as a whole.

Let's explain with an example. The diagram shows a single-pipe heating system with six radiators. The number of batteries was determined for two-pipe wiring. Now we need to make an adjustment. For the first heating device everything remains the same. The second one receives coolant with a lower temperature. We determine the % drop in power and increase the number of sections by the corresponding value. In the picture it turns out like this: 15kW-3kW=12kW. We find the percentage: the temperature drop is 20%. Accordingly, to compensate, we increase the number of radiators: if 8 pieces were needed, there will be 20% more - 9 or 10 pieces. This is where knowing the room will come in handy: if it’s a bedroom or a children’s room, round up, if it’s a living room or other similar room, round down. You also take into account the location relative to the cardinal directions: in the north you round up, in the south you round down.

This method is clearly not ideal: after all, it turns out that the last battery in the branch will have to be simply enormous in size: judging by the diagram, a coolant with a specific heat capacity equal to its power is supplied to its input, and in practice it is unrealistic to remove all 100%. Therefore, usually when determining the power of a boiler for single-pipe systems, they take a certain reserve, install shut-off valves and connect radiators through a bypass so that the heat transfer can be adjusted and thus compensate for the drop in coolant temperature. One thing follows from all this: the number and/or size of radiators in a single-pipe system must be increased, and more and more sections must be installed as you move away from the beginning of the branch.

Results

An approximate calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators is simple and quick. But clarification depending on all the features of the premises, size, type of connection and location requires attention and time. But you can definitely decide on the number of heating devices to create a comfortable atmosphere in winter.

During the cold season, heating is the most important communication system, which is responsible for comfortable living in the house. Heating radiators are part of this system. The overall temperature of the room will depend on their number and area. Therefore, correctly calculating the number of radiator sections is the key to efficient operation of the entire system, plus saving on fuel used to heat the coolant.

In this article:

What you need for independent calculations

Things to consider:

• the size of the rooms where they will be installed;
• number of windows and entrance doors, their area;
• the materials from which the house is built (in this case, the walls, floor and ceiling are taken into account);
• location of the room relative to the cardinal directions;
• technical parameters of the heating device.

If you are not a specialist, it will be very difficult to carry out calculations on your own using all the listed criteria. Therefore, many private developers use a simplified methodology, which allows one to calculate only the approximate number of radiators for a room.

If you want to make accurate calculations, use calculation calculations according to SNiP.

Calculation method according to SNiP

Table of approximate calculations

SNiP stipulates that the optimal option for the required number of radiator sections depends on the thermal energy they emit. It should be equal to 100 W per 1 m² of room area.

The formula used for calculation is: N=Sx100/P

• N is the number of battery sections;
• S – room area;
• P – section power (this indicator can be viewed in the product data sheet).

But since additional indicators must be taken into account in the calculation, new variables are added to the formula.

Amendments to the formula

• If the house has plastic windows, you can reduce the number of sections by 10%. That is, a coefficient of 0.9 is added for calculation.
• If ceiling height is 2.5 meters, a coefficient of 1.0 is applied. If the ceiling height is greater, then the coefficient increases to 1.1-1.3
• The number and thickness of external walls also affects this parameter: the thicker the walls, the lower the coefficient.
• The number of windows also affects heat loss. Each window adds 5% to the coefficient.
• If there is a heated attic or attic above the room, the number of sections can be reduced specifically in this room.
• Corner room or room with balcony add an additional 1.2 coefficients to the formula.
• Batteries hidden in a niche and covered with a decorative screen add 15% to the final figure.

Using additional adjustments, you will find out how many sections you need to put in each room. And you can easily find out how many radiators are needed per square meter.

How to calculate the number of sections: example on cast iron batteries

Let's calculate how many cast iron radiator sections need to be installed in a room with two double-chamber plastic windows with a ceiling height of 2.7 m, the area of ​​which is 22 m².

Mathematical formula: (22x100/145)x1.05x1.1x0.9=15.77

We round the resulting number to a whole number - we get 16 sections: two batteries for each window, 8 sections each.

Explanation of odds:

• 1.05 is a five percent surcharge for the second window;
• 1.1 is an increase in ceiling height;
• 0.9 is a reduction for installing plastic windows.

Let's face it - this option, as noted above, is difficult for the average consumer. But there are simplified methods, which will be discussed below.

Influence of material on the number of sections

Developers often face a question in the context of the material from which they are made. After all, steel, cast iron, copper, aluminum have their own heat transfer rate, and this also must be taken into account when making calculations.

As mentioned above, this parameter can be found in the product passport.

For example:

• The cast iron radiator has a heat output of 145 W.
• Aluminum – 190 W.
• Bimetallic – 185 W.

From this list we can conclude that the number of aluminum sections will be used less than, say, cast iron. And more than bimetallic ones. And this is with all the other parameters mentioned above being the same.

Calculation by room area

The same formula is used here - N=Sx100/P, with one caveat: ceiling height should not exceed 2.6 m.

We use the parameters that were taken into account in the example with a cast iron battery, but we will make some changes regarding the number of windows.

• To simplify the example, let’s take just one window: 22x100/145=15.17

You can round down to 15 sections, but keep in mind that the missing section can reduce the temperature by a couple of degrees, which will lead to an overall decrease in the comfort of being in the room.

Calculation by room volume

In this case The main indicator is thermal energy, equal to 41 W per 1 m³. This is also a standard value. True, in rooms with double-glazed windows, a value equal to 34 W is used.

• 22x2.6x41/145=16.17 – rounded up, resulting in 16 sections.

Pay attention to one very subtle nuance.

Manufacturers, when indicating the heat transfer value in the product data sheet, take it into account according to the maximum parameter. In other words, they believe that the hot water temperature in the system will be at its maximum. In life this is not always true. Therefore, we strongly recommend rounding the final result up.

And if the power of the section is determined by the manufacturer in a certain range (a fork is installed between two indicators), then choose a lower indicator for calculations.

Calculation by eye

Heat loss in an apartment building

This option is suitable for those who know absolutely nothing about mathematical calculations. Divide the area of ​​the room by the standard indicator - 1 section per 1.8 m².

• 22/1.8=12.22 – round up, resulting in 13 sections.

Keep in mind: the ceiling height should not exceed 2.7 m. If the ceiling is higher, you will have to calculate using a more complex formula.

As you can see, there are different ways to calculate the required number of sections for a room. If you want to get an accurate result, use the calculation according to SNiP. If you can’t decide on additional coefficients, choose any other simplified option.

In order to always keep your home warm and cozy during the cold season, it is very important to be able to correctly calculate the required number of heating radiator sections. Stores offer many different models that have a variety of shapes and characteristics. When purchasing a radiator for a house or apartment, you must take into account all the pros and cons of the model.

Any owner of a house or apartment wanted the room to always be warm and comfortable.

Radiators: types

On the modern market you can find not only the familiar cast iron radiators, but also completely new models that are made of steel or aluminum. There are also bimetallic radiators.

• Tubular batteries are considered expensive models. They heat up longer than panel ones. Naturally, they also retain heat longer.
• Panel batteries are fast-heating heating radiators. Their price is lower than the cost of tubular models. However, these batteries cool down very quickly and are therefore considered uneconomical.

To design a good heating system in a house, it is important to take into account the characteristics of radiators, their placement in rooms, quantity and other factors that affect the retention of heat in the room.

Calculation taking into account the area of ​​the room

Based on the size of the room, you can make a preliminary calculation. The calculations are simple, they are suitable for rooms with low ceilings (2.4 - 2.6 m). To heat every meter of room you need 100 W. power.

When calculating, it is always necessary to take into account possible heat losses according to specific situations. So, in a corner room or in a room with a balcony, heat is lost faster. For these rooms, the thermal power value must be increased by 20%. It is also worth increasing this value for rooms in which the radiators are planned to be built into a niche or covered with a screen.

Calculation taking into account the volume of the room

To obtain more accurate calculations in calculations It is worth considering the height of the room vault. The principle of calculations is similar to that stated above: we calculate the total amount of heat required, and then find the number of radiator sections.

Based on building codes for heating 1 kb. m of premise of a panel house requires a thermal power of 41 W. Let's find the volume of the room by multiplying its area by its height. We multiply the result obtained by the norm indicated above and obtain the total amount of heat required for heating. If the apartment is modern and has double-glazed windows, then the normalized value can be taken less - 34 W per 1 cubic meter. m.

As an example, let's make a calculation for a room with an area of ​​20 square meters. m. and height 3 m.

1. Find the volume of the room by multiplying the area by the height: 20 sq.m x 3 m = 60 cubic meters. m.
2. To heat the room you will need the following power: 60 cu. m x 41 W = 2460 W.
3. To calculate the number of radiator sections, let’s take the heat transfer value of one section from the first case - 170 W. Thus, 2460 W / 170 W = 14.47, rounded up to 15 sections.

It is worth noting that many manufacturers of heating radiators provide inflated values ​​in the technical documentation. And that means the values ​​indicated in the data sheet should be treated as maximum values. Knowing and taking this into account, when making calculations, you can make the calculations more realistic.

Accurate calculation using coefficients

Not every room can boast a standard layout. And the layout of a private house is purely individual. In this case, it is good to use even more accurate calculations. The method is based on finding a very precise value of the required amount of heat to heat the room. After finding this value, the already familiar operation of calculating the number of sections of heating radiators is carried out.

Kt = 100 W/sq.m x Pl x Kf1 x Kf 2 x Kf 3 x Kf4 x Kf5 x Kf6 x Kf7.

• Pl - room area;
• Kt - the amount of heat required to heat it;
• Kf1 - window glazing coefficient.

Accepts the following values:

• 1.27 - for ordinary windows with double glazing;
• 1.0 - for double glazing;
• 0.85 - for triple glazing.

Kf2 - coefficient taking into account the thermal insulation of walls.

Takes values:

• 1.27 - for a low degree of thermal insulation;
• 1.0 - for average thermal insulation (if there is double masonry or the walls are lined with insulation);
• 0.85 - for a high degree of thermal insulation.

Kf3 is a coefficient that takes into account the ratio of the area of ​​the floor and windows and the floor in the room.

Has the following meanings:

• 1.2 - at 50%;
• 1.1 - at 40%;
• 1.0 - at 30%;
• 0.9 - at 20%;
• 0.8 - at 10%.

Kf4 is a coefficient that takes into account the average air temperature in the coldest week of the year.

Possible values:

• 1.5 - at -35 degrees;
• 1.3 - at -25 degrees;
• 1.1. - at -20 degrees;
• 0.9 - at -15 degrees;
• 0.7 - at -10 degrees.

Kf5 is a coefficient that adjusts the need for heat based on the number of external walls.

Takes values:

• 1.1 - if there is 1 wall;
• 1.2 - if there are 2 walls;
• 1.3 - if there are 3 walls;
• 1.4 - if there are 4 walls.

Kf6 - coefficient that takes into account the type of room located above the room.

Takes values:

• 1.0 - in the presence of a cold attic;
• 0.9 - if there is a heated attic;
• 0.8 - if there is a heated living space.

Kf7 is a coefficient that takes into account the height of the ceiling in the room.

Accepts the following values:

• 1.0 - height 2.5 m;
• 1.05 - height 3.0 m;
• 1.1 - height 3.5 m;
• 1.15 - height 4.0 m;
• 1.2 - height 4.5 m.

This calculation, which takes into account all the nuances, gives a very accurate result of the amount of heat required to heat the room.

Having carried out the calculation and received the exact value of Kt, we divide it by the value of the thermal output of one section (we take the value from the model data sheet) and we get the exact number of required sections heating radiators.

You can use any of the three calculation methods; they differ only in the accuracy of calculating the thermal power. Don't be afraid to spend time on calculations, if you want to spend long winter evenings in warmth and comfort.

Used to replace old cast iron batteries. For efficient operation of new heating devices, the required number of sections must be accurately calculated. In this case, the area of ​​the room, the number of windows, and the thermal power of the section itself are taken into account.

Data preparation

To get an accurate result, the following parameters should be taken into account:

• climatic features of the region in which the building is located (humidity level, temperature fluctuations);
• building parameters (material used for construction, thickness and height of walls, number of external walls);
• size and types of windows to premises (residential, non-residential).

When calculating bimetallic heating radiators, 2 main values ​​are taken as a basis: the thermal power of the battery section and the heat loss of the room. It must be remembered that most often the thermal power indicated by manufacturers in the technical data sheet of the product is the maximum value obtained under ideal conditions. The actual power of the battery installed indoors will be lower, so recalculation is done to obtain accurate data.

The simplest method

In this case, you will need to recalculate the number of installed batteries and rely on this data when replacing elements of the heating system.
The difference between the heat transfer of bimetallic and cast iron batteries is not too big. In addition, over time, the heat transfer of the new radiator will decrease due to natural reasons (contamination of the internal surfaces of the battery), so if the old elements of the heating system coped with their task, the room was warm, you can use this data.

However, in order to reduce the cost of materials and eliminate the risk of the room freezing, it is worth using formulas that will allow you to calculate the sections quite accurately.

Calculation by area

For each region of the country, there are SNiP standards, which stipulate the minimum power value of the heating device for each square meter of room area. To calculate the exact value according to this standard, you must determine the area of ​​the existing room (a). To do this, the width of the room is multiplied by its length.

The power per square meter is taken into account. Most often it is 100 W.

Having determined the area of ​​the room, the data must be multiplied by 100. The result is divided by the power of one section of the bimetallic radiator (b). This value must be looked at in the technical specifications of the device - depending on the model, the numbers may differ.

A ready-made formula into which you should substitute your own values: (a*100): b= required quantity.

Let's look at an example. Calculation for a room with an area of ​​20 m², while the power of one section of the selected radiator is 180 W.

We substitute the required values ​​into the formula: (20*100)/180 = 11.1.

However, this formula for calculating heating by area can only be used when calculating values ​​for a room where the ceiling height is less than 3 m. In addition, this method does not take into account heat loss through windows, and the thickness and quality of wall insulation are also not considered. To make the calculation more accurate, for the second and subsequent windows in the room you need to add 2 to 3 additional radiator sections to the final figure.

Calculation by volume

Calculation of the number of sections of bimetallic radiators using this method is carried out, taking into account not only the area, but also the height of the room.

Having received the exact volume, calculations are made. Power is calculated in m³. SNiP standards for this value are 41 W.

For example, we take the same values, but add the height of the walls - it will be 2.7 cm.

Let's find out the volume of the room (we multiply the already calculated area by the height of the walls): 20 * 2.7 = 54 m³.

The next step is to calculate the exact number of sections based on this value (we divide the total power by the power of one section): 2214/180 = 12.3.

The final result differs from that obtained when calculating by area, so the method taking into account the volume of the room allows you to get a more accurate result.

Heat transfer analysis of radiator sections

Despite the external similarity, the technical characteristics of radiators of the same type can differ significantly. The power of the section is affected by the type of material used to make the battery, the size of the section, the design of the device, and the thickness of the walls.

To simplify preliminary calculations, you can use the average number of radiator sections per 1 m², derived by SNiP:
cast iron can heat approximately 1.5 m²;
aluminum battery – 1.9 m²;
bimetallic – 1.8 m².

How can you use this data? From them you can calculate the approximate number of sections, knowing only the area of ​​the room. To do this, the area of ​​the room is divided by the specified indicator.

For a room of 20 m² you will need 11 sections (20/1.8 = 11.1). The result approximately coincides with that obtained by calculating the area of ​​the room.

Calculation using this method can be carried out at the stage of drawing up an approximate estimate - this will help to roughly determine the costs of organizing the heating system. And more accurate formulas can be used when a specific radiator model is selected.

Calculation of the number of sections taking into account climatic conditions

The manufacturer indicates the thermal power value of one radiator section under optimal conditions. Climatic conditions, system pressure, boiler power and other parameters can significantly reduce its efficiency.

Therefore, when calculating, these parameters should be taken into account:

1. If the room is corner, then the value calculated using any of the formulas should be multiplied by 1.3.
2. For every second and subsequent windows you need to add 100 W, and for a door - 200 W.
3. Each region has its own additional coefficient.
4. When calculating the number of sections for installation in a private house, the resulting value is multiplied by 1.5. This is due to the presence of an unheated attic and the external walls of the building.

Battery power recalculation

In order to obtain the real, and not specified in the technical specifications for the heating device, power of the heating radiator section, it is necessary to make a recalculation, taking into account the existing external conditions.

To do this, first determine the temperature pressure of the heating system. If the supply turns out to be +70°C, and the output is 60°C, while the desired temperature maintained in the room should be about 23°C, it is necessary to calculate the system delta.

To do this, use the formula: the outlet temperature (60) is added to the inlet temperature (70), divide the resulting value by 2, and subtract the room temperature (23). The result will be a temperature difference (42°C).

The desired value - delta - will be equal to 42°C. Using the table, they find out the coefficient (0.51), which is multiplied by the power specified by the manufacturer. They obtain the real power that the section will produce under given conditions.

Delta	Coef.	Delta	Coef.	Delta	Coef.	Delta	Coef.	Delta	Coef.
40	0,48	47	0,60	54	0,71	61	0,84	68	0,96
41	0,50	48	0,61	55	0,73	62	0,85	69	0,98
42	0,51	49	0,65	56	0,75	63	0,87	70	1
43	0,53	50	0,66	57	0,77	64	0,89	71	1,02
44	0,55	51	0,68	58	0,78	65	0,91	72	1,04
45	0,53	52	0,70	59	0,80	66	0,93	73	1,06
46	0,58	53	0,71	60	0,82	67	0,94	74/75	1,07/1,09

To give batteries an aesthetic appearance, they are often masked with special screens or curtains. In this case, the heating device reduces heat transfer, and when calculating the required number of sections, another 10% is added to the final result.
Since most modern radiator models have a certain number of sections, it is not always possible to select batteries taking into account the calculations performed. In this case, it is recommended to purchase a product whose number of sections is as close as possible to the desired one or slightly more than the calculated value.

Before purchasing and installing sectional radiators (usually bimetallic and aluminum), most people have a question about how to calculate heating radiators based on the area of ​​the room.

In this case, the most correct thing to do would be to produce But it uses a huge number of coefficients, and the result may be something underestimated or, conversely, overestimated. In this regard, many people use simplified options. Let's look at them in more detail.

Main settings

Please note that the correct operation of the heating system, as well as its efficiency, largely depend on its type. However, there are other parameters that influence this indicator in one way or another. These parameters include:

• Boiler power.
• Number of heating devices.
• Circulation pump power.

Calculations carried out

Depending on which of the above parameters will be subject to detailed study, the corresponding calculation is made. For example, determining the required power of a pump or gas boiler.

In addition, very often it is necessary to calculate heating devices. In the process of this calculation, it is also necessary to calculate the buildings. This is explained by the fact that, having made a calculation, for example, of the required number of radiators, you can easily make a mistake when selecting a pump. A similar situation occurs when the pump cannot cope with supplying the required amount of coolant to all radiators.

Enlarged calculation

Calculating heating radiators by area can be called the most democratic way. In the regions of the Urals and Siberia the figure is 100-120 W, in central Russia - 50-100 W. A standard heating device (eight sections, the center distance of one section is 50 cm) has a heat output of 120-150 W. Bimetallic radiators have a slightly higher power - about 200 W. If we are talking about a standard coolant, then for a room of 18-20 m 2 with a height of 2.5-2.7 m, you will need two cast iron devices of 8 sections.

What determines the number of devices

Calculation of heating radiators by area

Taking into account the above factors, you can perform a calculation. So, 1 m2 will require 100 W, that is, to heat a room of 20 m2, 2000 W will be required. One cast iron radiator of 8 sections is capable of delivering 120 W. Divide 2000 by 120 and we get 17 sections. As mentioned earlier, this parameter is very comprehensive.

Calculation of heating radiators for a private house with its own heater is carried out according to the maximum parameters. Thus, we divide 2000 by 150 and get 14 sections. We will need this number of sections to heat a room of 20 m2.

Formula for accurate calculation

There is a rather complicated formula by which you can accurately calculate the power of a heating radiator:

Q t = 100 W/m 2 × S(room)m 2 × q1 × q2 × q3 × q4 × q5 × q6× q7, where

q1 - glazing type: conventional glazing - 1.27; double glazing - 1; triple - 0.85.

q2 - wall insulation: poor - 1.27; wall of 2 bricks - 1; modern - 0.85.

q3 - ratio of the areas of window openings to the floor: 40% - 1.2; 30% - 1.1; 20% - 0.9; 10% - 0.8.

q4 - outside temperature (minimum): -35°C - 1.5; -25°C - 1.3; -20°C - 1.1; -15° C - 0.9; -10C° - 0.7.

q5 - number of external walls: four - 1.4; three - 1.3; corner (two) - 1.2; one - 1.1.

q6 - type of room located above the design room: cold attic - 1; heated attic - 0.9; heated residential - 0.8.

q7 - room height: 4.5m - 1.2; 4m - 1.15; 3.5m - 1.1; 3m - 1.05; 2.5m - 1.3.

Example

Let's calculate heating radiators by area:

A room of 25 m2 with two double-leaf window openings with triple glazing, a height of 3 m, enclosing structures of 2 bricks, and a cold attic above the room. The minimum air temperature in winter is +20°C.

Q t = 100W/m 2 × 25 m 2 × 0.85 × 1 × 0.8(12%) × 1.1 × 1.2 × 1 × 1.05

The result is 2356.20 W. Let's divide this number by So, our premises will require 16 sections.

Calculation of heating radiators by area for a private country house

If the rule for apartments is 100 W per 1 m2 of room, then this calculation will not work for a private house.

For the first floor the power is 110-120 W, for the second and subsequent floors - 80-90 W. In this regard, multi-storey buildings are much more economical.

Calculation of the power of heating radiators by area in a private house is carried out using the following formula:

N = S × 100 / P

In a private house, it is recommended to take sections with a small margin, this does not mean that this will make you feel hot, just that the wider the heating device, the lower the temperature must be supplied to the radiator. Accordingly, the lower the coolant temperature, the longer the heating system as a whole will last.

It is very difficult to take into account all the factors that have any impact on the heat transfer of the heating device. In this case, it is very important to correctly calculate heat losses, which depend on the size of window and door openings and vents. However, the examples discussed above make it possible to determine the required number of radiator sections as accurately as possible and at the same time ensure a comfortable temperature regime in the room.