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INTERSTATE STANDARD |
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PAINT COATINGS General requirements to choose from decorative properties Coatings of lacquers. |
GOST 23852-79 |
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By Decree of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated September 28, 1979 No. 3734, the introduction date was set |
01.01.81 |
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The validity period was lifted according to Protocol No. 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94) |
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1. This standard applies to paint coatings(hereinafter referred to as coatings) of industrial products and establishes general technical requirements for the selection of coatings based on decorative properties.
2. Decorative properties mean the properties of the coating that ensure its aesthetic perception.
The decorative properties of the coating are characterized by color, gloss, texture and class according to GOST 9.032-74*.
3. The choice of coating based on decorative properties is carried out at the design stage in the process of artistic design of products.
4a. The finishing options developed during the artistic design process are recorded in a map of the color and texture solution for finishing the product.
(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).
High gloss
PF-163 according to GOST 5971-78*
Glossy
Semi-matte
Semi-gloss
Deep matte
Nitrocellulose
NTs-11 according to GOST 9198-83*
High gloss
Glossy
NTs-25 according to GOST 5406-84*
Glossy
NTs-256 according to GOST 25515-82*
NTs-5123 according to GOST 7462-73*
Semi-gloss and semi-matte
Glossy
Semi-gloss
NTs-1125 according to GOST 7930-73*
Semi-gloss and semi-matte
Semi-matte
Semi-gloss
Semi-matte
Varnish NTs-134 with aluminum powder
Epoxy and epoxy ester
Glossy
Glossy and semi-gloss
EP-140 according to GOST 24709-81*
Semi-gloss
EP-51 according to GOST 9640-85*
Semi-gloss and matte
EP-773 according to GOST 23143-83*
Semi-matte
Glossy
Glossy and semi-gloss
EF-1118 PG according to GOST 5971-78*
Semi-gloss
EF-1118 PM according to GOST 5971-78*
Semi-matte
EF-1118 M according to GOST 5971-78*
EP-525 according to GOST 22438-85*
Semi-gloss
Semi-gloss
Glossy
Semi-gloss
Glossy
Enamels:
Glossy
PF-188 according to GOST 24784-81*
Semi-gloss
Deep Matte
Semi-matte and semi-gloss
PF-218 according to GOST 21227-93
Semi-gloss
Semi-gloss
Semi-matte
ХВ-1100 according to TU 6-10-1301-83
Matte and semi-matte
Semi-matte
Semi-matte and matte
XC-119 according to GOST 21824-76*
HS-119 E according to GOST 21824-76*
EP-255 according to GOST 23599-79*
Semi-gloss and semi-matte
Oil and alkyd styrene
Semi-matte
Semi-gloss
Glossy
Polyester unsaturated
Glossy
High gloss and glossy
Polyacrylic
Semi-matte
Glossy
High gloss
Glossy
Glossy and semi-gloss
Semi-matte
Glossy
Semi-matte
Glossy
Semi-matte
Glossy
Glossy
Glossy
Phenolic
Glossy and semi-gloss
Semi-matte
Rubber
Semi-gloss
Polyvinyl acetal
VL-515
Organosilicon
Semi-gloss
KO-88 according to GOST 23101-78
Semi-gloss and semi-matte
Semi-matte and matte
Smooth plain
KO-813 according to GOST 11066-74*
Semi-gloss
Polyurethane
UR-1161
High gloss
UR-175
Glossy
UR-176
Alkyd-urethane
URF-1128
Glossy
Oily
Embossed "Moire"
MA-224
Semi-matte and matte
Bituminous
Smooth plain
BT-177
Rosin
APPENDIX 3 Recommended
MAXIMUM ACHIEVEABLE COATING CLASS FOR PRIMERS
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Primer brand |
Maximum achievable classGOST 9.032-74* |
Primer brand |
Maximum achievable classGOST 9.032-74*for smooth, plain surfaces |
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V-ML-0143 according to GOST 24595-81* |
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EF-083, EF-083 L |
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AK-070 according to GOST 25718-83* |
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GF-021 according to GOST 25129-82* |
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GF-0119 according to GOST 25129-82* |
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according to GOST 16302-79* |
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FL-03 K according to GOST 9109-81* |
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FL-03 ZH according to GOST 9109-81* |
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VL-02 according to GOST 12707-77* |
according to GOST 10277-90 |
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VL-023 according to GOST 12707-77* |
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Notes:
1. For smooth patterned and embossed coatings using the above primers, a maximum coating class of II can be achieved.
2. For coatings with putty, the choice of primer does not depend on the required class of coating.
3. The specified classes of coatings can only be obtained in combination with the paint and varnish materials given in.
APPENDICES 1-3. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
APPENDIX 4 Recommended
SURFACE PREPARATION OPERATIONS, PAINTING AND DRYING METHODS FOR OBTAINING DIFFERENT CLASSES OF COATINGS
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Passivation |
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Chemical oxidation |
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Anodic oxidation |
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Mechanical cleaning sanding paper No. 5-4 according to GOST 10054-82* |
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Mechanical cleaning with electrocorundum up to No. 6 according to GOST 3647-80* |
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Degreasing |
Pneumatic spray |
Convective |
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Phosphating |
Natural |
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Passivation |
Sputtering in an electric field |
Thermoradiation-convective |
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Etching |
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Chemical oxidation |
Electrodeposition |
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Anodic oxidation |
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Mechanical cleaning with sandpaper No. 6-5 according to GOST 10054-82* |
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Mechanical cleaning with electrocorundum up to No. 12 according to GOST 3647-80* |
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Degreasing |
Pneumatic spray |
Convective |
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Phosphating |
Natural |
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Passivation |
Sputtering in an electric field |
Thermoradiation |
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Etching |
Thermoradiation-convective |
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Chemical oxidation |
Electrodeposition |
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Anodic oxidation |
Airless spray |
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Mechanical cleaning with sandpaper No. 25-6 according to GOST 10054-82* |
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Hydrojet cleaning with sand no larger than 0.5 mm |
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Mechanical cleaning with electrocorundum up to No. 25 according to GOST 3647-80* |
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Degreasing |
Pneumatic spray |
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Phosphating |
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Passivation |
Sputtering in an electric field |
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Etching |
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Chemical oxidation |
Electrodeposition |
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Anodic oxidation |
Airless spray |
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Mechanical cleaning with sandpaper |
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Jet dousing with exposure to solvent vapor |
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Shot blasting, shot blasting, hydrojet cleaning with a shot size of no more than 0.8 mm |
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Dipping |
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Galting |
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Mechanical cleaning with metal brushes |
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Mechanical cleaning with electrocorundum |
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V - VII |
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* - From January 1, 2006, GOST 9.402-2004 comes into force (hereinafter). |
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Notes:
1. For coatings with putty, surface preparation operations before painting are not standardized.
2. It is allowed to use other surface preparation operations, in addition to those indicated in the table, that ensure the required quality of the painted surface. metal surface By GOST 9.032-74* and other methods of painting and drying that ensure the required quality of the coating.
3. For class IV coatings, the number of abrasive paper and electric wire is not regulated.
APPENDIX 5 Information
TYPES OF HARMONIOUS COLOR COMBINATIONS
1. The use of paint and varnish coating colors to create appropriate color schemes for products is determined by the psychological (emotional) and physiological impact of individual colors and color combinations.
When choosing color combinations of coatings, their harmony should be the first and main condition.
2. To receive harmonious combinations colors, it is necessary that there is a certain relationship between colors (contrast or similarity between colors in hue, lightness or saturation).
3. The relationship between colors is achieved using the principles of choosing color combinations along the color wheel (Fig. 1).
Color circle
F - yellow; ZhO - yellow-orange; O - orange; KO - red-orange; K - red; P - purple; FP - violet-purple; F - purple; C - blue; SZ - blue-green; Z - green; ZhZ - yellow-green; I, II, Ш, IV - color zones
Crap. 1
4. When choosing color combinations, take into account the characteristics of the four psychological optimal primary colors - yellow (221), red (7), blue (427), green (324) and intermediate ones - orange, violet-purple, yellow-green.
5. Color combinations are divided into five main groups according to psychophysiological characteristics: contrasting, related, related-contrasting, equitonal, complex.
6 . Contrasting combinations characterized by the use of colors that have significant differences in hue, saturation and lightness.
Contrasting combinations are the brightest and most active in perception.
To enhance the contrast, take into account the size and configuration of the surface of the coatings different colors, their mutual arrangement.
6.1. Contrasting colors in hue should be on opposite sides of the color wheel (Fig. 2). When combined, these colors, with the same saturation and lightness values, should enhance each other’s saturation and be perceived as brighter.
6.2. Contrasting colors in lightness should vary significantly with the same hue and saturation.
6.3. Contrasting colors should vary significantly in saturation with the same hue and lightness.
7. Related combinations are characterized by the use of colors that are on the color wheel within the two main adjacent colors and contain their shades (Fig. 3). There are four types of related combinations: yellow-red, red-blue, blue-green, green-yellow.
Schemes of combinations of contrasting colors by color tone
Crap. 2
Schemes of combinations of related colors
Crap. 3
Related combinations are soft, little active, static in perception.
8. Related-contrasting combinations are characterized by the use of colors that are located on the color wheel in adjacent sectors and contain shades of one primary color and two adjacent primary colors (Fig. 4). There are four types related and contrasting combinations: green-yellow-red, yellow-red-blue, red-blue-green, blue-green-yellow.
Schemes of related and contrasting color combinations
Crap. 4
Relatedly contrasting colors are active and dynamic in perception.
9. Equivalent combinations are characterized by the use of colors of the same color tone with the same saturation, but different lightness; with the same lightness, but different saturation; at different lightness and saturation.
10. Complex combinations are characterized by the use of chromatic and achromatic colors. Achromatic colors agree well with chromatic colors at different and equal lightness.
11. When choosing harmonious color combinations for products, 10 take into account: the correspondence of colors and their combinations functional purpose and operating conditions of the product, volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions and plasticity of the external shape of the product; information content and labor safety requirements; color preferences fashion; color and graphic diagram of the appearance of the product; characteristics of the texture and gloss of enamels of selected colors and the quality of the coating.
APPENDIX 6 Information
EXAMPLE OF SELECTION OF COATINGS BY DECORATIVE PROPERTIES
1. Selection of paint and varnish material for finishing the cabin of the designed model of a MAZ truck.
2 . In terms of decorative properties, the coating must correspond to the functional purpose and operating conditions of the vehicle.
3. The color of the car's cabin should be contrasting with the color of the environment (the color of the road, greenery, etc.). The cabin should be light or bright. The reflection of light from the paintwork of the cabin (especially the roof) must be high (at least 60%) so that the cabin heats up minimally from sun rays.
4. To ensure favorable conditions driver's work, the color of the cabin should not be dark, and the surface should be mirror-glossy. For quick removal The dirt texture should be smooth.
5. The volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions, plasticity of the external shape of the designed cabin require its one-color painting with light or bright colors. The color should be clean, uncontaminated, bright, expressing the power of the car, and not causing negative emotions or unpleasant associations.
6. To create a variety of colors on city streets, roads, construction sites etc. the color must be one of the colors that complement each other in the system color range automobile transport, road construction machines.
7. The enamel of the chosen color must be mass-produced.
8. The requirements of paragraphs. 2 - 7 answer, for example, orange (121, 128) and yellow (285, 286) colors. Coverage class III in accordance with .
9. The car is operated in atmospheric conditions of temperate and tropical climates, becomes dirty with road dust, dirt and is subjected to periodic washing with hot and cold water using brushes. The time between repairs is 3 years, the car is constantly maintained.
10. The specified operating conditions are satisfied by paint and varnish coatings obtained on the basis of melamine-alkyd enamel ML-12 and perchlorovinyl enamel XB-110.
The coating system, consisting of two layers of ML-12 enamel applied to a primed surface, is stable in atmospheric conditions of temperate and tropical climates for 3 years.
The coating system, consisting of two layers of XB-110 enamel applied to a phosphated and primed surface, is also stable in temperate and tropical climates for 3 years.
11. In terms of color, texture, gloss and class of enamel ML-12 and XB-110 meet the requirements: the color of enamel ML-12 is orange (121, 128), the color of enamel XB-110 is yellow (285, 286), coatings according to the recommended - smooth , glossy (ML-12), semi-gloss (ХВ-110), maximum achieved coating class II for enamel ML-12 and III for enamel XB-110.
12. Taking into account the level of production of the painting area (production - serial, painting on continuous conveyors using pneumatic spraying or spraying in electric field, drying in thermoradiation drying chambers at a temperature of 130 ºС), you should choose ML-12 enamel, which is applied using the specified method and has a thermoradiation drying mode at a temperature of 130 ºС for 20 min.
XB-110 enamel is applied by pneumatic spraying and has a drying mode at a temperature of 18-23 ºС for 3 hours or at a temperature of 60 ºС for 1 hour.
Thus, to paint the designed model of a MAZ truck, ML-12 enamel should be used in accordance with GOST 9754-76* orange color (121, 128).
Edition with Change No. 1, approved in May 1985 (IUS 8-85).
Resolution State Committee USSR according to standards of September 28, 1979 No. 3734, the date of introduction has been established
01.01.81
The validity period was lifted according to Protocol No. 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94)
1. This standard applies to paint and varnish coatings (hereinafter referred to as coatings) of industrial products and establishes general technical requirements for the selection of coatings based on decorative properties.
2. Decorative properties mean the properties of the coating that ensure its aesthetic perception.
The decorative properties of the coating are characterized by color, gloss, texture and class according to GOST 9.032-74.
3. The choice of coating based on decorative properties is carried out at the design stage in the process of artistic design of products.
4a. The finishing options developed during the artistic design process are recorded in a map of the color and texture solution for finishing the product.
(Introducedadditionally, Rev. No. 1).
4. Coatings in terms of decorative properties must correspond to the functional purpose and operating conditions, volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions, plasticity of the external shape of the product, aesthetic expressiveness and harmony of color and texture combinations of the surface of the product.
5. The selection of coatings by color, gloss and texture is carried out according to the table.
| Name of product groups | Requirements for color and color combinations of paint and varnish coatings | Requirements for the texture and gloss of the coating |
| 1. Products operating in atmospheric conditions, on natural backgrounds, for example, agricultural machines, road and municipal vehicles, trucks, etc. | The colors of the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue zones and achromatic; pure and complex; light, medium and dark in lightness; low, medium and maximum saturation. Number of primary colors in the scheme color scheme no more than 4. Contrasting color combinations, for example, cadmium yellow (219) * and blue (485); related and contrasting, for example, greenish “ivory” (524) and emerald (315); related ones, for example, gray-beige (661), brown (685) and red-orange (29) | Smooth, glossy and semi-gloss |
| 2. Products that operate in city streets and create a varied flavor in the overall traffic flow, for example, buses, trolleybuses, taxis, specialized cars | The colors of the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue zones and achromatic; pure and complex; light, medium, dark in lightness; low, medium and maximum saturation. Contrasting color combinations; related-contrasting, related; equitonal, for example, cadmium yellow (219) and dark sand (795) | Smooth, glossy |
| 3. Individual transport, for example cars, motorcycles, bicycles, etc. | The colors of the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue zones and achromatic; complex; light, medium and dark; low, medium and maximum saturation. Related color combinations; related-contrasting | Smooth, high gloss and glossy |
| 4. Products that function in interiors production premises in contact with a person, for example, devices, machines, machines, equipment, etc. | The colors of the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue zones and achromatic; complex; light, medium, dark in lightness; low and medium saturation. The number of primary colors in the color scheme is no more than 3. Color combinations are equivalent, for example, gray-green (365) and light gray-green (352), related and contrasting, for example, “ivory” (229) and gray-green (365) | Smooth, glossy, semi-gloss, semi-matte, matte Smooth patterned (“hammer”) and embossed (“shagreen”) are allowed |
| 5. Durable cultural and household products operating in residential interior in contact with humans, for example, vacuum cleaners, washing machines, refrigerators, household radio-electronic equipment, fans, hand mechanized tools, etc. | The colors of the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue zones and achromatic; complex; light, medium, dark in lightness; low, medium and maximum saturation. The number of primary colors in the color scheme is no more than 2. Color combinations are related, related-contrasting, contrasting and equitonal | Smooth and embossed, glossy and semi-gloss |
6. Classes of coatings for groups of products are given in Appendix 1. The class of coatings for the surfaces of products that are constantly in the human field of vision must be at least IV.
7. Choice paint and varnish materials providing the required class, texture and gloss of the coating are carried out according to Appendices 2 and 3, color - according to standards or technical specifications for paint and varnish materials.
8. The assessment of compliance of the coating with the requirements of clause 4 is carried out using the expert method.
9. The choice of surface preparation operation by painting and drying the coating is carried out according to Appendix 4.
10. Types of harmonious color combinations are given in Appendix 5.
11. An example of choosing coatings based on decorative properties is given in Appendix 6.
ANNEX 1
Mandatory
COATING CLASSES FOR PRODUCTS
| Group of industrial products | Painted surfaces | Coverage class, not lower |
| Passenger cars upper class(type ZIL-117) and big class(type "Chaika"), medium, small and especially small class (type "Volga", "Moskvich", "Zhiguli", "Zaporozhets") * | ||
| Trucks, trailers and semi-trailers | ||
| Frame, chassis parts | ||
| Metal parts of the platform | ||
| Heavy duty mining dump trucks | Cabins, components, tail surfaces, battery boxes | |
| External surfaces of fuel and oil tank platforms | ||
| Frames, corners, chassis | ||
| Buses** | ||
| main railways gauge 1520 (1524) mm: locomotive traction (passenger, mail, luggage), electric trains and diesel trains | Side walls of locomotive-hauled passenger carriage bodies | |
| Side walls of cars of electric trains and diesel trains, as well as mail and baggage cars, roof overhangs, frontal parts of the bodies of head cars of electric trains | ||
| The middle part of the roofs, car frames, bogies and boiler rooms | ||
| End walls of carriage bodies | ||
| freight mainline railways of 1520 (1524) mm gauge | External surfaces | |
| Construction and road machines, self-propelled, mounted and mobile | Surfaces of machine parts that are in the field of view of people (with the exception of surfaces whose coatings serve a conservation purpose) | |
| Other surfaces of construction and road vehicles | ||
| Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment | Facing parts of agricultural machines | |
| Other surfaces of agricultural machines | ||
| Machine tools, forging and casting machines: | ||
| machines of accuracy classes A, B and C according to GOST 8-82 | Basic surfaces defining appearance machine tools | |
| Surfaces that are visible but do not determine appearance | ||
| conventional machines, forging and casting machines | The main surfaces that determine the appearance of machine tools and machines | |
| Surfaces that are visible but do not determine appearance | ||
| Surfaces inside machines and machines that are inaccessible for viewing (surfaces of hydraulic and lubrication equipment frames, etc.). | ||
| devices for direct communication with humans located in the area of constant visual perception: large ones, for example, copy machines, aggregative computer equipment (rack consoles, etc.). | The main surfaces that determine the appearance of the device | |
| medium-sized ones, for example, calculating machines, desktop keyboard computers, cash registers, analytical instruments - chromatographs, household electronic equipment, etc. | ||
| small, such as portable typewriters, Felix calculating machines, household optical and medical devices | ||
| Devices surrounding a person, but falling into the visual perception zone irregularly: | ||
| large, for example, auxiliary instrumentation panels | ||
| medium, for example, secondary electronic automatic instruments with a recording and display device (potentiometers) | ||
| small ones, for example, pressure gauges, voltage stabilizers, relays, etc. | ||
| Automatic devices in the maintenance of which a person does not participate: | ||
| large ones, for example, carriage scales (platforms); | ||
| medium, for example, meteorological instruments and equipment; | ||
| small, for example, differential pressure gauges and other instruments |
* For all-wheel drive vehicles of especially small and medium class, body coverage is not lower than III.
** For a small class bus of the “Yunost” type, the body covering class is not lower than II
Notes:
1. When several classes are specified for the same surfaces, the specific class is established according to the standards or technical specifications for the product.
2. Classes of coatings for products manufactured for export are established according to the standards or technical specifications for the product.
APPENDIX 2
COATINGS FOR ENAMELS AND VARNISHES
| Name of material | Shine, texture of coating | Maximum achieved class according to GOST 9.032-74 |
| Melamine | Smooth plain | |
| High gloss | ||
| High gloss and glossy | ||
| High gloss | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Glossy and semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Smooth patterned (hammer) | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Embossed "Shagreen" | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Urea | Smooth plain | |
| Glossy | ||
| Glossy and semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Glossy and semi-gloss | ||
| Pentaphthalic and glypthalic | ||
| High gloss | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Deep Matte | ||
| Nitrocellulose | ||
| High gloss | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Semi-gloss and semi-matte | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-gloss and semi-matte | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Varnish NTs-134 with aluminum powder | ||
| Epoxy and epoxy ester | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Glossy and semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-gloss and matte | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Glossy and semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Smooth plain | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Deep Matte | ||
| Semi-matte and semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| ХВ-1100 according to TU 6-10-1301-83 | ||
| Matte and semi-matte | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Semi-matte and matte | ||
| Semi-gloss and semi-matte | ||
| Oil and alkyd styrene | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Polyester unsaturated | ||
| Glossy | ||
| High gloss and glossy | ||
| Polyacrylic | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Glossy | ||
| High gloss | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Glossy and semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Phenolic | ||
| Glossy and semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-matte | ||
| Rubber | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Polyvinyl acetal | ||
| Organosilicon | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Semi-gloss and semi-matte | ||
| Semi-matte and matte | ||
| Smooth plain | ||
| Semi-gloss | ||
| Polyurethane | ||
| High gloss | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Alkyd-urethane | ||
| Glossy | ||
| Oily | Embossed "Moire" | |
| Semi-matte and matte | ||
| Bituminous | Smooth plain | |
| Rosin | ||
* With polishing.
APPENDIX 3
MAXIMUM ACHIEVEABLE COATING CLASS FOR PRIMERS
| Primer brand | Maximum achieved class according to GOST 9.032-74 | Primer brand | Maximum attainable class according to GOST 9.032-74 for smooth monochromatic coatings |
| EF-083, EF-083 L | |||
Notes:
1. For smooth patterned and embossed coatings using the above primers, a maximum coating class of II can be achieved.
2. For coatings with putty, the choice of primer does not depend on the required class of coating.
3. The specified classes of coatings can only be obtained in combination with the paint and varnish materials given in Appendix 2.
APPLICATIONS1 - 3 . (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
APPENDIX 4
SURFACE PREPARATION OPERATIONS, PAINTING AND DRYING METHODS FOR OBTAINING DIFFERENT CLASSES OF COATINGS
| The operation of preparing the surface of products before painting according to GOST 9.402-80* | Dyeing method | Coating drying method |
|
| Degreasing Phosphating Passivation Chemical oxidation Anodic oxidation Mechanical cleaning with sandpaper No. 5-4 according to GOST 10054-82 Mechanical cleaning with electrocorundum up to No. 6 according to GOST 3647-80 | Pneumatic spray | Convective |
|
| Degreasing Phosphating | Pneumatic spray | Convective Natural |
|
| Passivation Etching | Sputtering in an electric field | Thermoradiation-convective |
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| Chemical oxidation Anodic oxidation Mechanical cleaning with sandpaper No. 6-5 according to GOST 10054-82 Mechanical cleaning with electrocorundum up to No. 12 according to GOST 3647-80 | Electrodeposition | ||
| Degreasing Phosphating | Pneumatic spray | Convective Natural |
|
| Passivation Etching | Sputtering in an electric field | Thermoradiation Thermoradiation-convective |
|
| Chemical oxidation | Electrodeposition |
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| Anodic oxidation Mechanical cleaning with sandpaper No. 25-6 according to GOST 10054-82 | Airless spray |
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| Hydrojet cleaning with sand no larger than 0.5 mm Mechanical cleaning with electrocorundum up to No. 25 according to GOST 3647-80 | |||
| Degreasing Phosphating | Pneumatic spray | ||
| Passivation Etching | Sputtering in an electric field |
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| Chemical oxidation | Electrodeposition |
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| Anodic oxidation Mechanical cleaning with sandpaper | Airless spray |
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| Shot blasting, shot blasting, hydrojet cleaning with shot size is not | Jet dousing with exposure to solvent vapor |
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| more than 0.8 mm | Dipping |
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| Galting Mechanical cleaning with metal brushes Mechanical cleaning with electrocorundum | |||
Notes:
1. For coatings with putty, surface preparation operations before painting are not standardized.
2. It is allowed to use other surface preparation operations, in addition to those indicated in the table, that ensure the required quality of the painted metal surface in accordance with GOST 9.032-74 and other methods of painting and drying that ensure the required quality of the coating.
3. For class IV coatings, the number of abrasive paper and electric wire is not regulated.
APPENDIX 5
Information
TYPES OF HARMONIOUS COLOR COMBINATIONS
1. The use of paint coating colors to create appropriate color schemes for products is determined by the psychological (emotional) and physiological impact of individual colors and color combinations on a person.
When choosing color combinations of coatings, their harmony should be the first and main condition.
2. To obtain harmonious color combinations, it is necessary that there is a certain relationship between colors (contrast or similarity between colors in hue, lightness or saturation).
3. The relationship between colors is achieved using the principles of choosing color combinations along the color wheel (Fig. 1).
Color circle
AND- yellow; JO- yellow-orange; ABOUT- orange; KO- red-orange; TO- red; P- purple; FP- violet-purple; F- violet; WITH- blue; NW- blue-green; Z- green; ZhZ- yellow-green; I, II, III, IV- color zones
4. When choosing color combinations, take into account the characteristics of the four psychological optimal primary colors - yellow (221), red (7), blue (427), green (324) and intermediate ones - orange, violet-purple, yellow-green.
5. Color combinations are divided into five main groups according to psychophysiological characteristics: contrasting, related, related-contrasting, equitonal, complex.
6. Contrasting combinations are characterized by the use of colors that have significant differences in hue, saturation and lightness.
Contrasting combinations are the brightest and most active in perception.
To enhance the contrast, take into account the size and configuration of the surface of coatings of different colors, and their relative position.
6.1. Contrasting colors in hue should be on opposite sides of the color wheel (Fig. 2). When combined, these colors identical values Saturation and lightness should enhance the saturation of each other and be perceived as brighter.
6.2. Contrasting colors in lightness should vary significantly with the same hue and saturation.
6.3. Contrasting colors should vary significantly in saturation with the same hue and lightness.
7. Related combinations are characterized by the use of colors that are on the color wheel within the limits of two main adjacent colors and contain their shades (Fig. 3). There are four types of related combinations: yellow-red, red-blue, blue-green, green-yellow.
Schemes of combinations of contrasting colors by color tone
Schemes of combinations of related colors
Related combinations are soft, little active, static in perception.
8. Related-contrasting combinations are characterized by the use of colors that are located on the color wheel in adjacent sectors and contain shades of one primary color and two adjacent primary colors (Fig. 4). There are four types of related-contrasting combinations: green-yellow-red, yellow-red-blue, red-blue-green, blue-green-yellow.
Schemes of related and contrasting color combinations
Relatedly contrasting colors are active and dynamic in perception.
9. Equivalent combinations are characterized by the use of colors of the same color tone with the same saturation, but different lightness; with the same lightness, but different saturation; at different lightness and saturation.
10. Complex combinations are characterized by the use of chromatic and achromatic colors.
Achromatic colors agree well with chromatic colors at different and equal lightness.
11. Choosing harmonious color combinations for products according to paragraphs. 6 - 10 take into account: compliance of colors and their combinations with the functional purpose and operating conditions of the product, volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions and plasticity of the external shape of the product; information content and labor safety requirements; fashion color preferences; color and graphic diagram of the appearance of the product; characteristics of the texture and gloss of enamels of selected colors and the quality of the coating.
APPENDIX 6
Information
EXAMPLE OF SELECTION OF COATINGS BY DECORATIVE PROPERTIES
1. Selection of paint and varnish material for finishing the cabin of the designed model of a MAZ truck.
2. In terms of decorative properties, the coating must correspond to the functional purpose and operating conditions of the vehicle.
3. The color of the car's cabin should be in contrast to the color environment(color of the road, greenery, etc.). The cabin should be light or bright. The reflection of light from the paintwork of the cabin (especially the roof) must be high (at least 60%) so that the cabin is minimally heated by sunlight.
4. To ensure favorable working conditions for the driver, the color of the cabin should not be dark, and the surface should be mirror-glossy. To quickly remove dirt, the texture should be smooth.
5. The volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions, plasticity of the external shape of the designed cabin require its one-color painting with enamels of light or bright colors. The color should be clean, uncontaminated, bright, expressing the power of the car, and not causing negative emotions or unpleasant associations.
6. To create color diversity on city streets, roads, construction sites, etc., the color must be one of the colors that complement each other in the color scheme road transport, road construction machines.
7. The enamel of the chosen color must be mass-produced.
8. The requirements of paragraphs. 2 - 7 answer, for example, orange (121, 128) and yellow (285, 286) colors. Coverage class III in accordance with Appendix 1.
9. The car is operated in atmospheric conditions of temperate and tropical climates, becomes dirty with road dust, dirt and is subjected to periodic washing with hot and cold water using brushes. The time between repairs is 3 years, the car is constantly maintained.
10. The specified operating conditions are satisfied by paint and varnish coatings obtained on the basis of melamine-alkyd enamel ML-12 and perchlorovinyl enamel XB-110.
The coating system, consisting of two layers of ML-12 enamel applied to a primed surface, is stable in atmospheric conditions of temperate and tropical climates for 3 years.
The coating system, consisting of two layers of XB-110 enamel applied to a phosphated and primed surface, is also stable in temperate and tropical climates for 3 years.
11. In terms of color, texture, gloss and class of enamel ML-12 and XB-110 meet the requirements: the color of enamel ML-12 is orange (121, 128), the color of enamel XB-110 is yellow (285, 286), coatings according to the recommended Appendix 2 - smooth, glossy (ML-12), semi-gloss (XB-110), the maximum achieved coating class is II for ML-12 enamel and III for XB-110 enamel.
12. Taking into account the level of production of the painting area (production - serial, painting on continuous conveyors using pneumatic spraying or spraying in an electric field, drying in thermoradiation drying chambers at a temperature of 130 °C), you should choose ML-12 enamel, which is applied using the specified method and has a thermoradiation drying mode at a temperature of 130 °C for 20 minutes.
XB-110 enamel is applied by pneumatic spraying and has a drying mode at a temperature of 18 - 23 ° C for 3 hours or at a temperature of 60 ° C for 1 hour.
Thus, to paint the designed model of a MAZ truck, you should use ML-12 enamel in accordance with GOST 9754-76 in orange color (121, 128).
1. This standard applies to paint and varnish coatings (hereinafter referred to as coatings) of industrial products and establishes general technical requirements for the selection of coatings based on decorative properties.
2. Decorative properties mean the properties of the coating that ensure its aesthetic perception.
The decorative properties of the coating are characterized by color, gloss, texture and class according to GOST 9.032-74*.
3. The choice of coating based on decorative properties is carried out at the design stage in the process of artistic design of products.
4a. The finishing options developed during the artistic design process are recorded in a map of the color and texture solution for finishing the product.
(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).
4. Coatings in terms of decorative properties must correspond to the functional purpose and operating conditions, volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions, plasticity of the external shape of the product, aesthetic expressiveness and harmony of color and texture combinations of the surface of the product.
5. The selection of coatings by color, gloss and texture is carried out according to the table.
|
Name of product groups |
Requirements for color and color combinations of paint and varnish coatings |
Requirements for the texture and gloss of the coating | |
|
1. Products operating in atmospheric conditions, against natural backgrounds, for example, agricultural machines, road and municipal vehicles, trucks, etc. |
The colors of the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue zones and achromatic; pure and complex; light, medium and dark in lightness; low, medium and maximum saturation. |
Smooth, glossy and semi-gloss | |
|
The number of primary colors in the color scheme is no more than 4. | |||
|
Contrasting color combinations, for example, cadmium yellow (219) * and blue (485); | |||
|
related and contrasting, for example, greenish “ivory” (524) and emerald (315); | |||
|
related ones, for example, gray-beige (661), brown (685) and red-orange (29) | |||
|
2. Products that operate in city streets and create a varied flavor in the overall traffic flow, for example, buses, trolleybuses, taxis, specialized cars |
The colors of the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue zones and achromatic; pure and complex; light, medium, dark in lightness; low, medium and maximum saturation. |
Smooth, glossy | |
|
Contrasting color combinations; related-contrasting, related; equitonal, for example, cadmium yellow (219) and dark sand (795) | |||
|
3. Individual transport, such as cars, motorcycles, bicycles, etc. |
The colors of the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue zones and achromatic; complex; light, medium and dark; low, medium and maximum saturation. |
Smooth, high gloss and glossy | |
|
Related color combinations; related-contrasting | |||
|
4. Products that function in the interiors of industrial premises in contact with humans, for example, instruments, machines, machines, equipment, etc. |
The colors of the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue zones and achromatic; complex; light, medium, dark in lightness; low and medium saturation. |
Smooth, glossy, semi-gloss, semi-matte, matte | |
|
Smooth patterned (“hammer”) and embossed (“shagreen”) are allowed | |||
|
The number of primary colors in the color scheme is no more than 3. | |||
|
Color combinations are equivalent, for example, gray-green (365) and light gray-green (352), related and contrasting, for example, “ivory” (229) and gray-green (365) | |||
|
5. Durable cultural and household products that function in a residential interior in contact with humans, for example, vacuum cleaners, washing machines, refrigerators, household radio-electronic equipment, fans, hand-held power tools, etc. |
The colors of the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue zones and achromatic; complex; light, medium, dark in lightness; low, medium and maximum saturation. |
Smooth and embossed, glossy and semi-gloss | |
|
The number of primary colors in the color scheme is no more than 2. | |||
|
Color combinations are related, related-contrasting, contrasting and equitonal | |||
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6. Classes of coatings for groups of products are given in Appendix 1. The class of coatings for the surfaces of products that are constantly in the human field of vision must be at least IV.
7. The selection of paints and varnishes that provide the required class, texture and gloss of the coating is carried out according to Appendices 2 and 3, color - according to the standards or technical specifications for paints and varnishes.
8. The assessment of compliance of the coating with the requirements of clause 4 is carried out using the expert method.
9. The choice of surface preparation operation by painting and drying the coating is carried out according to Appendix 4.
10. Types of harmonious color combinations are given in Appendix 5.
11. An example of choosing coatings based on decorative properties is given in Appendix 6.
ANNEX 1 MandatoryCOATING CLASSES FOR PRODUCTS
|
Group of industrial products |
Painted surfaces |
Coverage class, not lower | |
|
Passenger cars of the highest class (type ZIL-117) and large class (type "Chaika"), medium, small and especially small class (type "Volga", "Moskvich", "Zhiguli", "Zaporozhets") * | |||
|
Trucks, trailers and semi-trailers | |||
|
Frame, chassis parts | |||
|
Metal parts of the platform | |||
|
Heavy duty mining dump trucks |
Cabins, components, tail surfaces, battery boxes | ||
|
External surfaces of fuel and oil tank platforms | |||
|
Frames, corners, chassis | |||
|
Buses** | |||
|
1520 (1524) mm gauge main railways: locomotive traction (passenger, mail, baggage), electric trains and diesel trains |
Side walls of locomotive-hauled passenger carriage bodies | ||
|
Side walls of cars of electric trains and diesel trains, as well as mail and baggage cars, roof overhangs, frontal parts of the bodies of head cars of electric trains | |||
|
The middle part of the roofs, car frames, bogies and boiler rooms | |||
|
End walls of carriage bodies | |||
|
freight mainline railways of 1520 (1524) mm gauge |
External surfaces | ||
|
Construction and road machines, self-propelled, mounted and mobile |
Surfaces of machine parts that are in the field of view of people (with the exception of surfaces whose coatings serve a conservation purpose) | ||
|
Other surfaces of construction and road vehicles | |||
|
Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment |
Facing parts of agricultural machines | ||
|
Other surfaces of agricultural machines | |||
|
Machine tools, forging and casting machines: | |||
|
machines of accuracy classes A, B and C according to GOST 8-82* |
The main surfaces that determine the appearance of machines | ||
|
Surfaces that are visible but do not determine appearance | |||
|
* For all-wheel drive vehicles of especially small and medium class, body coverage is not lower than III. ** For a small class bus of the “Yunost” type, the body covering class is not lower than II. | |||
|
conventional machines, forging and casting machines |
The main surfaces that determine the appearance of machine tools and machines | ||
|
Surfaces that are visible but do not determine appearance | |||
|
Surfaces inside machines and machines that are inaccessible for viewing (surfaces of hydraulic and lubrication equipment frames, etc.). | |||
|
The main surfaces that determine the appearance of the device | |||
|
devices for direct communication with a person, located in the zone of constant visual perception: large, for example, copying machines, aggregative computer equipment (rack consoles, etc.). | |||
|
medium-sized ones, for example, calculating machines, desktop keyboard computers, cash registers, analytical instruments - chromatographs, household radio-electronic equipment, etc. | |||
|
small, such as portable typewriters, Felix calculating machines, household optical and medical devices | |||
|
Devices surrounding a person, but falling into the visual perception zone irregularly: | |||
|
large, for example, auxiliary instrumentation panels | |||
|
medium, for example, secondary electronic automatic instruments with a recording and display device (potentiometers) | |||
|
small ones, for example, pressure gauges, voltage stabilizers, relays, etc. | |||
|
Automatic devices in the maintenance of which a person does not participate: | |||
|
large ones, for example, carriage scales (platforms); | |||
|
medium, for example, meteorological instruments and equipment; | |||
|
small, for example, differential pressure gauges and other instruments | |||
|
Notes: 1. When several classes are specified for the same surfaces, the specific class is established according to the standards or technical specifications for the product. 2. Classes of coatings for products manufactured for export are established according to the standards or technical specifications for the product. | |||
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GOST 23852-79
Group T95
INTERSTATE STANDARD
PAINT COATINGS
General requirements for selection of decorative properties
Coatings of lacquers and paints.
General requirements for choice
by decorative properties
MKS 25.220.60
Date of introduction 1981-01-01
By Decree of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated September 28, 1979 N 3734, the introduction date was set at 01/01/81
The validity period was lifted according to Protocol No. 4-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94)
EDITION with Amendment No. 1, approved in May 1985 (IUS 8-85)
1. This standard applies to paint and varnish coatings (hereinafter referred to as coatings) of industrial products and establishes general technical requirements for the selection of coatings based on decorative properties.
2. Decorative properties mean the properties of the coating that ensure its aesthetic perception.
The decorative properties of the coating are characterized by color, gloss, texture and class according to GOST 9.032-74.
3. The choice of coating based on decorative properties is made at the design stage in the process of artistic design of products.
4a. The finishing options developed during the artistic design process are recorded in a map of the color and texture solution for finishing the product.
(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).
4. Coatings in terms of decorative properties must correspond to the functional purpose and operating conditions, volumetric-spatial structure, tectonics, dimensions, plasticity of the external shape of the product, aesthetic expressiveness and harmony of color and texture combinations of the surface of the product.
5. The choice of coatings by color, gloss and texture is made according to the table.
|
Name of product groups |
Requirements for color and color combinations of paint and varnish coatings |
Requirements for the texture and gloss of the coating |
|
1. Products operating in atmospheric conditions, against natural backgrounds, for example, agricultural machines, road and municipal vehicles, trucks, etc. |
The colors of the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue zones and achromatic; pure and complex; light, medium and dark in lightness; low, medium and maximum saturation. The number of primary colors in the color scheme is no more than 4. Contrasting color combinations, for example, cadmium yellow (219)* and blue (485); related and contrasting, for example, greenish “ivory” (524) and emerald (315); related ones, for example, gray-beige (661), brown (685) and red-orange (29) |
Smooth, glossy and semi-gloss |
|
_________________ |
||
|
2. Products that operate in city streets and create a varied flavor in the overall traffic flow, for example, buses, trolleybuses, taxis, specialized cars |
The colors of the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue zones and achromatic; pure and complex; light, medium, dark in lightness; low, medium and maximum saturation. Contrasting color combinations; related- contrasting, related; equitonal, for example, cadmium yellow (219) and dark sand (795) |
Smooth, glossy |
|
3. Individual transport, for example, cars, motorcycles, bicycles, etc. |
The colors of the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue zones and achromatic; complex; light, medium and dark; low, medium and maximum saturation. Related color combinations; related-contrasting |
Smooth, high gloss and glossy |
|
4. Products that function in the interiors of industrial premises in contact with humans, for example, instruments, machines, machines, equipment, etc. |
The colors of the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue zones and achromatic; complex; light, medium, dark in lightness; low and medium saturation. The number of primary colors in the color scheme is no more than 3. Color combinations are equivalent, for example, gray-green (365) and light gray-green (352), related and contrasting, for example, “ivory” (229) and gray-green (365) |
Smooth, glossy, semi-gloss, semi-matte, matte Smooth patterned (“hammer”) and embossed (“shagreen”) are allowed. |
|
5. Durable cultural and household products that function in a residential interior in contact with humans, for example, vacuum cleaners, washing machines, refrigerators, household radio-electronic equipment, fans, hand-held power tools, etc. |
The colors of the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue zones and achromatic; complex; light, medium, dark in lightness; low, medium and maximum saturation. The number of primary colors in the color scheme is no more than 2. Color combinations are related, related-contrasting, contrasting and equitonal |
Smooth and embossed, glossy and semi-gloss |
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6. Classes of coatings for groups of products are given in Appendix 1. The class of coatings for the surfaces of products that are constantly in the human field of vision must be at least IV.
7. The selection of paints and varnishes that provide the required class, texture and gloss of the coating is carried out according to Appendices 2 and 3, color - according to the standards or technical specifications for paints and varnishes.
8. The assessment of compliance of the coating with the requirements of clause 4 is carried out using the expert method.
9. The choice of surface preparation operation by painting and drying the coating is carried out according to Appendix 4.
10. Types of harmonious color combinations are given in Appendix 5.
11. An example of choosing coatings based on decorative properties is given in Appendix 6.
ANNEX 1
Mandatory
COATING CLASSES FOR PRODUCTS
|
Group of industrial products |
Painted surfaces |
Coverage class, |
|
Passenger cars of the highest class (type ZIL-117) and large class (type "Chaika") of medium, small and especially small class (type "Volga", "Moskvich", "Zhiguli", "Zaporozhets")* |
||
|
_________________ * For all-wheel drive vehicles of especially small and medium class, body coverage is not lower than III. |
||
|
Trucks, trailers and semi-trailers |
||
|
Frame, chassis parts |
||
|
Metal parts of the platform |
||
|
Heavy duty mining dump trucks |
Cabins, components, tail surfaces, battery boxes |
|
|
External surfaces of fuel and oil tank platforms |
||
|
Frames, corners, chassis |
||
|
Buses* |
||
|
__________________ * For a small class bus of the "Yunost" type, the body covering class is not lower than II |
||
|
1520 (1524) mm gauge main railways: locomotive traction (passenger, mail, baggage), electric trains and diesel trains |
Side walls of locomotive-hauled passenger carriage bodies |
|
|
Side walls of cars of electric trains and diesel trains, as well as mail and baggage cars, roof overhangs, frontal parts of the bodies of head cars of electric trains |
||
|
The middle part of the roofs, car frames, bogies and boiler rooms |
||
|
End walls of carriage bodies |
||
|
freight mainline railways of 1520 (1524) mm gauge |
External surfaces |
|
|
Construction and road machines, self-propelled, mounted and mobile |
Surfaces of machine parts that are in the field of view of people (with the exception of surfaces whose coatings serve a conservation purpose) |
|
|
Other surfaces of construction and road vehicles |
||
|
Agreecultural machines. Agreecultural equipment |
Facing parts of agricultural machines |
|
|
Other surfaces of agricultural machines |
||
|
Machine tools, forging and casting machines: |
||
|
machines of accuracy classes A, B and C according to GOST 8-82 |
The main surfaces that determine the appearance of machines |
|
|
Surfaces that are visible but not determining appearance |
||
|
conventional machines, forging and casting machines |
The main surfaces that determine the appearance of machine tools and machines |
|
|
Surfaces that are visible but do not determine appearance |
||
|
Surfaces inside machines and machines that are not accessible for viewing (surfaces of hydraulic and lubrication equipment frames, etc.). |
||
|
devices for direct communication with a person, located in the zone of constant visual perception: large, for example, copying machines, aggregative computer equipment (rack consoles, etc.). |
The main surfaces that determine the appearance of the device |
|
|
medium-sized ones, for example, calculating machines, desktop keyboard computers, cash registers, analytical instruments - chromatographs, household radio-electronic equipment, etc. |
||
|
small, such as portable typewriters, Felix calculating machines, household optical and medical devices |
||
|
Devices surrounding a person, but falling into the visual perception zone irregularly: |
||
|
large, for example, auxiliary instrumentation panels |
||
|
medium, for example, secondary electronic automatic instruments with a recording and display device (potentiometers) |
||
|
small ones, for example, pressure gauges, voltage stabilizers, relays, etc. |
||
|
Automatic devices in the maintenance of which a person does not participate: |
||
|
large ones, for example, carriage scales (platforms); |
||
|
medium, for example, meteorological instruments and equipment; |
||
|
small, for example, differential pressure gauges and other instruments |
||
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